Connolly C A
University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6096, USA.
Image J Nurs Sch. 1998;30(1):23-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01231.x.
To examine the attempts by Isabel Hampton Robb and Mary Adelaide Nutting to reshape nurse training into an academic system of nursing education. As health care delivery undergoes transformation in the 1990s, it is useful to consider the strategies used as well as the successes and failures, of past nurse leaders.
Historical research.
Archival data were analyzed in 1996 pertaining to the creation in 1889 and administration of the nursing school and hospital founded by Johns Hopkins in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Events were studied using published and unpublished writings by Hampton and Nutting, as well as relevant secondary sources.
Separated by class from those with power, and limited by 19th century notions of women's place, Isabel Hampton Robb and Adelaide Nutting helped inaugurate nursing's quest for professionalization. Undaunted by adversity, they achieved novel accomplishments for women and nurses. Hampton and Nutting possessed vision, intelligence, the capacity to motivate, political skills, good judgement, and managerial competence.
Hampton's and Nutting's inability to strengthen the link between the school of nursing and the Johns Hopkins University and the lack of unity within nursing limited their success. This research illuminates some of the controversies pertaining to nursing during an earlier period of sweeping health care change.
考察伊莎贝尔·汉普顿·罗布（Isabel Hampton Robb）和玛丽·阿德莱德·纳廷（Mary Adelaide Nutting）为将护士培训重塑为学术性护理教育体系所做的努力。鉴于20世纪90年代医疗保健服务发生了变革，回顾过去护士领导者所采用的策略以及他们的成败是很有意义的。
历史研究。
1996年对档案数据进行了分析，这些数据与1889年美国马里兰州巴尔的摩市约翰·霍普金斯大学创办的护理学院及医院的创建和管理有关。利用汉普顿和纳廷已发表和未发表的著作以及相关二手资料对这些事件进行了研究。
伊莎贝尔·汉普顿·罗布和阿德莱德·纳廷因阶层原因与有权势的人分隔开来，并受到19世纪关于女性地位观念的限制，但她们推动了护理行业对专业化的追求。她们不畏逆境，为女性和护士取得了非凡成就。汉普顿和纳廷具备远见、智慧、激励他人的能力、政治技巧、良好判断力和管理能力。
汉普顿和纳廷未能加强护理学院与约翰·霍普金斯大学之间的联系，且护理行业内部缺乏团结，这限制了她们的成功。这项研究揭示了在医疗保健全面变革的早期阶段与护理相关的一些争议。
