Lephart S M, Pincivero D M, Rozzi S L
Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. lephar+@pitt.edu
Sports Med. 1998 Mar;25(3):149-55. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199825030-00002.
Proprioception and accompanying neuromuscular feedback mechanisms provide an important component for the establishment and maintenance of functional joint stability. Neuromuscular control and joint stabilisation is mediated primarily by the central nervous system. Multisite sensory input, originating from the somatosensory, visual and vestibular systems, is received and processed by the brain and spinal cord. The culmination of gathered and processed information results in conscious awareness of joint position and motion, unconscious joint stabilisation through protective spinal-mediated reflexes and the maintenance of posture and balance. Clinical research aimed at determining the effects of articular musculoskeletal injury, surgery and rehabilitation, on joint proprioception, neuromuscular control and balance has focused on the knee and ankle joints. Such studies have demonstrated alterations in proprioception subsequent to capsulo-ligamentous injury, partial restoration of proprioceptive acuity following ligamentous reconstruction, and have suggested beneficial proprioceptive changes resulting from comprehensive rehabilitation programmes.
本体感觉及相关的神经肌肉反馈机制为功能性关节稳定性的建立和维持提供了重要组成部分。神经肌肉控制和关节稳定主要由中枢神经系统介导。源自躯体感觉、视觉和前庭系统的多部位感觉输入由脑和脊髓接收并处理。收集和处理的信息最终导致对关节位置和运动的有意识感知、通过保护性脊髓介导反射实现的无意识关节稳定以及姿势和平衡的维持。旨在确定关节肌肉骨骼损伤、手术和康复对关节本体感觉、神经肌肉控制和平衡影响的临床研究主要集中在膝关节和踝关节。此类研究已证明囊韧带损伤后本体感觉会发生改变,韧带重建后本体感觉敏锐度会部分恢复,还表明综合康复计划会带来有益的本体感觉变化。