Morgan J A, Blair D
School of Biological Sciences, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Australia.
Int J Parasitol. 1998 Mar;28(3):493-502. doi: 10.1016/s0020-7519(97)00204-x.
Echinostomes were collected in Australia and New Zealand as cercariae, metacercariae or adults. Using DNA sequences from the mitochondrial ND1 gene Echinostoma revolutum and Echinostoma paraensei were discovered in Australia. The presence of a further five, as yet unidentified, echinostome species was inferred in Northern Australia and a further isolate, closely allied to E. revolutum, occurs in New Zealand. ND1 sequences of species within the genus diverge from each other by 9.6-30.8%. Sequence divergence levels among strains within a single species are 0-3.6%. The phylogenetic tree produced from the Australasian isolates, in addition to species described previously, identifies the 37-collar-spine species as a well supported monophyletic group. The five unidentified Australian species cluster away from the 37-collar-spine group. These unidentified species appear to divide further into > 37-collar-spine and < 37-collar-spine clusters. Three strains of E. revolutum, collected as metacercariae from snails, were identified from two ponds located 6 km apart. Two of these strains may be cycling through a planorbid snail, Glyptophysa sp., as first intermediate host; however, this hypothesis could not be confirmed as specimens could not be obtained to match sequences between larvae and adults.
棘口吸虫在澳大利亚和新西兰以尾蚴、后尾蚴或成虫的形式被采集到。利用线粒体ND1基因的DNA序列，在澳大利亚发现了卷棘口吸虫和帕氏棘口吸虫。在澳大利亚北部推断还存在另外5种尚未鉴定的棘口吸虫物种，并且在新西兰发现了另一种与卷棘口吸虫密切相关的分离株。该属内各物种的ND1序列彼此之间的差异为9.6%-30.8%。单个物种内各菌株之间的序列差异水平为0%-3.6%。除了先前描述的物种外，由澳大拉西亚分离株构建的系统发育树将37个领棘物种鉴定为一个得到充分支持的单系类群。这5种未鉴定的澳大利亚物种聚在37个领棘类群之外。这些未鉴定的物种似乎进一步分为>37个领棘和<37个领棘的类群。从相距6公里的两个池塘中采集到的作为后尾蚴的3个卷棘口吸虫菌株被鉴定出来。其中两个菌株可能通过一种扁卷螺（Glyptophysa sp.）作为第一中间宿主进行循环；然而，由于无法获得幼虫和成虫之间匹配序列的标本，这一假设无法得到证实。
