Duncan N D, Williams D A, Lynch G S
Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1998 Mar;77(4):372-8. doi: 10.1007/s004210050347.
The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether long-term, heavy resistance training would cause adaptations in rat skeletal muscle structure and function. Ten male Wistar rats (3 weeks old) were trained to climb a 40-cm vertical ladder (4 days/week) while carrying progressively heavier loads secured to their tails. After 26 weeks of training the rats were capable of lifting up to 800 g or 140% of their individual body mass for four sets of 12-15 repetitions per session. No difference in body mass was observed between the trained rats and age-matched sedentary control rats. Absolute and relative heart mass were greater in trained rats than control rats. When expressed relative to body mass, the mass of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles was greater in trained rats than control rats. No difference in absolute muscle mass or maximum force-producing capacity was evident in either the EDL or soleus muscles after training, although both muscles exhibited an increased resistance to fatigue. Individual fibre hypertrophy was evident in all four skeletal muscles investigated, i.e. EDL, soleus, plantaris and rectus femoris muscles of trained rats, but muscle fibre type proportions within each of the muscles tested remained unchanged. Despite an increased ability of the rats to lift progressively heavier loads, this heavy resistance training model did not induce gross muscle hypertrophy nor did it increase the force-producing capacity of the EDL or soleus muscles.
本研究的目的是确定长期、高强度抗阻训练是否会引起大鼠骨骼肌结构和功能的适应性变化。选用10只雄性Wistar大鼠（3周龄），训练它们在尾巴上系上逐渐加重的重物攀爬40厘米高的垂直梯子（每周4天）。经过26周的训练，大鼠能够每次举起高达800克或其个体体重140%的重物，每组进行12 - 15次重复，共4组。训练大鼠与年龄匹配的久坐对照大鼠之间未观察到体重差异。训练大鼠的绝对和相对心脏重量均大于对照大鼠。相对于体重而言，训练大鼠的趾长伸肌（EDL）和比目鱼肌质量大于对照大鼠。训练后，EDL和比目鱼肌的绝对肌肉质量或最大力量产生能力均无明显差异，尽管这两块肌肉的抗疲劳能力均有所增强。在所有四块被研究的骨骼肌中，即训练大鼠的EDL、比目鱼肌、跖肌和股直肌中，均明显出现了单根肌纤维肥大，但所测试的每块肌肉内的肌纤维类型比例保持不变。尽管大鼠举起逐渐加重重物的能力有所提高，但这种高强度抗阻训练模型并未诱导明显的肌肉肥大，也未增加EDL或比目鱼肌的力量产生能力。
