Willis E, Strasburger V C
Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 1998 Apr;45(2):319-31. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70008-0.
American media are the most violent in the world, and American society is now paying a high price in terms of real life violence. Research has confirmed that mass media violence contributes to aggressive behavior, fear, and desensitization of violence. Television, movies, music videos, computer/video games are pervasive media and represent important influences on children and adolescents. Portraying rewards and punishments and showing the consequences of violence are probably the two most essential contextual factors for viewers as they interpret the meaning of what they are viewing on television. Public health efforts have emphasized public education, media literacy campaign for children and parents, and an increased use of technology to prevent access to certain harmful medial materials.
美国媒体是世界上最暴力的,而美国社会目前正为现实生活中的暴力付出高昂代价。研究证实,大众媒体中的暴力会导致攻击性行为、恐惧以及对暴力的麻木不仁。电视、电影、音乐视频、电脑/视频游戏是无处不在的媒体,对儿童和青少年有着重要影响。描绘奖惩以及展示暴力的后果,可能是观众在解读他们在电视上所看到内容的意义时,两个最关键的背景因素。公共卫生方面的努力强调了公共教育、针对儿童和家长的媒体素养运动,以及更多地利用技术来防止接触某些有害的媒体内容。