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异常左冠状动脉发育不全导致的意外猝死。

Sudden unexpected death resulting from an anomalous hypoplastic left coronary artery.

作者信息

McConnell S E, Collins K A

机构信息

Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA.

出版信息

J Forensic Sci. 1998 May;43(3):708-11.

PMID:9608711
Abstract

We present a case of sudden death in a 24-year-old, healthy white female who was physically active and participated in sports, including soccer. Two weeks prior to her death, an insurance physical examination revealed an abnormal electrocardiogram which demonstrated flipped T waves in the anterior leads. There was no other remarkable medical history. At autopsy, only one coronary ostium was demonstrated and it originated from the right aortic sinus. Approximately 0.8 cm from this right coronary artery (RCA) ostium, a left coronary artery (LCA) branched off the RCA at a 90-degree angle. The LCA had luminal diameter of 0.4 m but the LCA had a luminal diameter of only 0.1 cm. The LCA coursed anterior to the base of the pulmonary artery and down the anterior ventricular septum reflecting the usual course of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. The LCA and RCA paths appeared to merge or terminate at the anterior left ventricular myocardium which was discolored gray, a process that involved the inner and middle thirds of the myocardium. Based on the autopsy findings, we certified the cause of death as a probable arrhythmia due to myocardial fibrosis and dystrophic calcification resulting from complications of an anomalous hypoplastic left coronary artery. Anomalies of coronary arteries have been classified and studied at autopsy and by clinical angiography. Coronary artery anomalies can be divided into minor and major forms with major anomalies often resulting in cardiac dysfunction that may cause failure and death. Minor anomalies, in general, have no pathophysiological significance and are compatible with life. Minor anomalies include variations in number and location of coronary ostia. A single coronary ostia is exceedingly rare in hearts with no other congenital malformations. The prognostic significance can be unpredictable. A single coronary artery has the potential to be dangerous if obstructed at its main stem, or if it branches at an acute angle. Additionally, hypoplasia of one or more coronary arteries has been found to be associated with sudden death.

摘要

我们报告一例24岁健康白人女性猝死病例,该女性身体活跃,参加包括足球在内的体育运动。在其死亡前两周,一次保险体检显示心电图异常,前导联T波倒置。无其他显著病史。尸检时,仅见一个冠状动脉开口,起源于右主动脉窦。距右冠状动脉(RCA)开口约0.8厘米处,左冠状动脉(LCA)以90度角从RCA分出。LCA管腔直径为0.4厘米,但LCA管腔直径仅0.1厘米。LCA走行于肺动脉根部前方并沿前室间隔下行,反映了左前降支(LAD)冠状动脉的正常走行。LCA和RCA路径似乎在左心室前心肌处汇合或终止,此处心肌呈灰色变色,该过程累及心肌的内三分之二和中三分之一。根据尸检结果,我们认定死亡原因可能是由于异常发育不良的左冠状动脉并发症导致心肌纤维化和营养不良性钙化引起的心律失常。冠状动脉异常已通过尸检和临床血管造影进行分类和研究。冠状动脉异常可分为轻度和重度,重度异常常导致心脏功能障碍,可能引起衰竭和死亡。一般来说,轻度异常无病理生理意义,与生命相容。轻度异常包括冠状动脉开口数量和位置的变异。在无其他先天性畸形的心脏中,单一冠状动脉开口极为罕见。其预后意义难以预测。单一冠状动脉如果主干受阻或锐角分支,就有潜在危险。此外,已发现一条或多条冠状动脉发育不全与猝死有关。

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