Günther E
Psychiatrische Poliklinik, UniversitätsSpital Zürich.
Praxis (Bern 1994). 1998 May 20;87(21):731-4.
Anxiety disorders tend to become chronic if untreated and often have considerable social consequences. Therefore, early recognition of anxiety disorders at the primary health care level is of great importance. This article gives a short overview of important aspects of the diagnosis of anxiety disorders in general medical practice. Panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder and phobic disorders are describer and phobic disorders are described based on ICD-10 criteria. Anxiety disorders have important differential diagnostic distinctions from somatic disorders and other psychiatric disorders. A diagnosis of panic disorder can be easily missed if physical symptoms are predominant. Also, there is a high comorbidity with depressive disorders, substance-abuse and -dependence and suicidality. Furthermore, during the assessment procedure the topics of psychosocial life situations, social effects and earlier treatments should be investigated.
焦虑症若不治疗往往会发展成慢性病，且常常会产生相当大的社会后果。因此，在初级卫生保健层面尽早识别焦虑症至关重要。本文简要概述了普通医疗实践中焦虑症诊断的重要方面。惊恐障碍、广泛性焦虑症和恐惧症根据国际疾病分类第十版（ICD - 10）标准进行描述。焦虑症与躯体疾病和其他精神疾病有着重要的鉴别诊断区别。如果以躯体症状为主，惊恐障碍很容易漏诊。此外，它与抑郁症、物质滥用和依赖以及自杀倾向的共病率很高。此外，在评估过程中，应调查心理社会生活状况、社会影响和既往治疗等主题。
