Porvari P
Finnish Environment Institute, Impacts Research Division, Helsinki, Finland.
Sci Total Environ. 1998 Jun 10;213(1-3):279-90. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(98)00101-6.
Mercury (Hg) concentrations in burbot (Lota lota), perch (Perca fluviatilis), northern pike (Esox lucius), roach (Rutilus rutilus), whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) and peled (C. peled) were monitored in 18 reservoirs situated in western and northern Finland over a period of 16 years (1979-1994). The reservoirs were impounded from 1964 to 1980. The surface areas ranged between 1 and 417 km2. Data from downstream sites and reference lakes were compared to reservoir mercury data. Generally, fish Hg concentrations in reservoirs exceeded those in natural lakes. Shortly after inundation, fish mercury concentrations clearly increased and remain 15-25 years above background concentrations. The mean Hg concentrations in standardized 1 kg pike from 1989 to 1993 was 0.45 mg/kg in natural lakes and 0.58 mg/kg in reservoirs. The 1 mg/kg fish Hg level recommended by health authorities as the upper limit for human consumption was still exceeded in two reservoirs 20 years old or more. The two largest reservoirs (24 and 27 years old in 1994) with significant commercial fishing had Hg levels below 0.5 mg/kg in all fish species studied. Statistical models for predicting the Hg concentrations in the weight standardized pike were verified with the observed data. For most of the reservoirs, predictions from models based on pH, organic matter (COD) in water, the extent of water level regulation and reservoir age agreed well with observed data. In the most southern, new (under 20 years old) and heavily regulated reservoirs, pike Hg concentration followed a logarithmic function of reservoir age. Model predictions of mercury in pike in the planned Vuotos reservoir (in northern Finland) predicted that Hg would exceed 1 mg/kg Hg for the first 12 years after the flooding.
在16年期间（1979 - 1994年），对位于芬兰西部和北部的18个水库中的江鳕（Lota lota）、鲈鱼（Perca fluviatilis）、白斑狗鱼（Esox lucius）、拟鲤（Rutilus rutilus）、白鲑（Coregonus lavaretus）和高体白鲑（C. peled）体内的汞（Hg）浓度进行了监测。这些水库于1964年至1980年蓄水。其表面积在1至417平方千米之间。将下游站点和参考湖泊的数据与水库汞数据进行了比较。总体而言，水库中鱼类的汞浓度超过了天然湖泊中的汞浓度。蓄水后不久，鱼类汞浓度明显增加，并在15至25年内一直高于背景浓度。1989年至1993年，天然湖泊中标准化1千克白斑狗鱼的平均汞浓度为0.45毫克/千克，水库中为0.58毫克/千克。在20年及以上的两个水库中，仍有超过卫生当局建议的人类食用鱼类汞含量上限1毫克/千克的情况。1994年时，两个进行重要商业捕捞的最大水库（分别为24岁和27岁）中，所有研究鱼类的汞含量均低于0.5毫克/千克。用于预测体重标准化白斑狗鱼汞浓度的统计模型通过观测数据得到了验证。对于大多数水库，基于pH值、水中有机物（化学需氧量）、水位调节程度和水库年龄的模型预测与观测数据吻合良好。在最南部、新建（20年以下）且水位调节程度高的水库中，白斑狗鱼的汞浓度随水库年龄呈对数函数变化。对计划中的芬兰北部武奥托斯水库白斑狗鱼汞含量的模型预测表明，蓄水后的前12年汞含量将超过1毫克/千克。
