Künzel W, Probst A
Institut für Anatomie, Veterinärmedizinischen Universität Wien.
Anat Histol Embryol. 1998 Jun;27(3):167-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.1998.tb00175.x.
Anatomical structures of elbow joints of six cheetahs were examined by dissection, corrosion casts and radiography. As a result, it was observed that the distal end of humerus is divided into the trochlea humeri for articulation with the ulna and the capitulum humeri for articulation with the radius. As the trochlea humeri is posed oblique and looks like a disc-shaped cone sector, flexion. Flexion of elbow joint is always combined with adduction of the distal parts of the limb, and, respectively, extension with abduction. The cylindrical but also in sagittal direction convex capitulum humeri enables the head of the radius all movements on a spheric sector. Furthermore, advantageous preconditions for rotation in the proximal radioulnar joint are the mighty medical coronoid process, the displacement of the radial tuberosity to the caudal surface of the radius and the insertion of the biceps brachii muscle exclusively on this elevation of the radius. Limiting factors are the insertions of collateral ligaments at the antebrachial skeleton. The lateral collateral ligament inserts only on the radius, the medial collateral ligament mainly on the ulna. The radial anular ligament directly connects the two coronoid processes of the ulna and moreover is intracapsular. The joint capsule is common for both the cubital and the proximal radioulnar joint and five pouches could be described. These were between the lateral epicondyle of humerus and the olecranon, underneath the tendon of origin of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle, cranially in the bend of the elbow joint, between the head of the radius and the tendon of origin of supinator muscle and the lateral part of radial anular ligament, just as between the medial epicondyle of humerus and the tendons of origin of flexor muscles of the forearm.
通过解剖、腐蚀铸型和放射摄影对6只猎豹肘关节的解剖结构进行了检查。结果发现，肱骨远端分为与尺骨相连的肱骨滑车和与桡骨相连的肱骨小头。由于肱骨滑车呈倾斜状，形似盘状圆锥体扇形，肘关节的屈曲。肘关节的屈曲总是与肢体远端部分的内收相结合，伸展则与外展相结合。圆柱形且在矢状面上凸起的肱骨小头使桡骨头能够在球形扇形面上进行所有运动。此外，在近端桡尺关节旋转的有利前提条件是强大的内侧冠状突、桡骨粗隆向桡骨尾面的移位以及肱二头肌仅插入桡骨的这一隆起处。限制因素是侧副韧带在前臂骨骼上的附着。外侧副韧带仅附着于桡骨，内侧副韧带主要附着于尺骨。桡骨环状韧带直接连接尺骨的两个冠状突，且位于关节囊内。关节囊对于肘关节和近端桡尺关节是共同的，可以描述为五个囊袋。这些囊袋分别位于肱骨外侧髁与鹰嘴之间、尺侧腕伸肌起始腱下方、肘关节弯曲处的头侧、桡骨头与旋后肌起始腱及桡骨环状韧带外侧部分之间，以及肱骨内侧髁与前臂屈肌起始腱之间。
