Osterholm M T
Acute Disease Epidemiology Section, Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis, USA.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998 Jul;17(7 Suppl):S30-4. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199807001-00003.
In 1993, the Minnesota Department of Health focused on using multiple vaccination strategies to prevent the transmission of hepatitis B virus.
Strategies aggressively pursued included the universal screening of pregnant women for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and the universal vaccination of infants and adolescents. Universal strategies were deemed necessary because previous selective vaccination of high risk groups had failed to significantly reduce hepatitis B transmission.
Surveillance data showed that in Minnesota from 1994 to 1996, the universal HBsAg screening of pregnant women identified 761 infants born to HBsAg-positive women. The vast majority of these at risk infants received prophylactic treatment and were vaccinated at birth. Vaccination coverage was 78% (+/-4.2%, 95% confidence interval) for children ages 19 to 35 months who were born between August, 1993, and November, 1995. Most counties in Minnesota rarely report any cases of hepatitis B, and since 1991, less than 100 acute cases per year have been reported for the entire state.
The Minnesota Department of Health has demonstrated that implementation of universal hepatitis B vaccination strategies can be successful among a generally low risk population.
1993年，明尼苏达州卫生部专注于采用多种疫苗接种策略来预防乙型肝炎病毒的传播。
积极推行的策略包括对孕妇进行普遍的乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）筛查以及对婴儿和青少年进行普遍接种。之所以认为普遍策略是必要的，是因为之前对高危人群进行的选择性疫苗接种未能显著降低乙型肝炎的传播。
监测数据显示，在明尼苏达州，1994年至1996年期间，对孕妇进行的普遍HBsAg筛查发现了761名HBsAg阳性孕妇所生的婴儿。这些高危婴儿中的绝大多数接受了预防性治疗，并在出生时接种了疫苗。对于1993年8月至1995年11月期间出生的19至35个月大的儿童，疫苗接种覆盖率为78%（±4.2%，95%置信区间）。明尼苏达州的大多数县很少报告任何乙型肝炎病例，自1991年以来，该州每年报告的急性病例不到100例。
明尼苏达州卫生部已证明，在总体风险较低的人群中实施普遍的乙型肝炎疫苗接种策略可以取得成功。
