Kostandov E A, Kurova N S, Cheremushkin E A, Iakovenko I A
Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.
Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 1998 May-Jun;48(3):438-48.
The cognitive set can be formed in healthy humans (75 subjects have been examined) on the basis of the Müller-Lyer's visual illusion. The effect of this set is expressed as a contrast illusion similar to the effect of the set, which is formed on the basis of the real size of visual stimuli (pictures of circles). Time of the simple motor reaction to the probe stimulus (light spot) depends on the factor of set stability. In subjects with the stable set the reaction time and its variability are substantially longer than in persons with the unstable set. Analysis of correctness of perception of the visual stimuli and the reaction time shows that the set which has been formed at the unconscious level leads to a certain rigidity in cognitive activity. Thus, factor of lability/stability of sets is an important feature of human cognitive activity.
认知定势可以在健康人身上（已对75名受试者进行了检查）基于缪勒-莱尔视觉错觉形成。这种定势的效应表现为一种对比错觉，类似于基于视觉刺激（圆形图片）实际大小形成的定势效应。对探测刺激（光点）的简单运动反应时间取决于定势稳定性因素。在定势稳定的受试者中，反应时间及其变异性比定势不稳定的人长得多。对视觉刺激感知正确性和反应时间的分析表明，在无意识水平形成的定势会导致认知活动出现一定的僵化。因此，定势的易变性/稳定性因素是人类认知活动的一个重要特征。
