Wallace M E
Am J Anat. 1976 Sep;147(1):1932. doi: 10.1002/aja.1001470103.
The short-ear gene in the mouse, se, affects a number of soft tissues; skeletal effects result in reduced body cavities. A high incidence of hydronephrosis in short-ear genotypes has been ascribed to pressure on the lower ureter resulting from crowding of organs in the body cavity. This study concerns the ureteral vascular system as observed in 861 autopsies of mice of varying age, of the three short-ear genotypes, drawn from ten stocks. Incidence and expression of hydronephrosis is greater in short-ear males than in females, and the ratio between the two varies from one stock to another. This study seeks an explanation. Short-ear genotypes have an abnormally high incidence of unusual ureteral veins, hydronephrosis being strongly associated with the more posterior ones. Ureteraonadal and iliac veins. The spermatic vein's more posterior position, compared with the ovarian, is strongly correlated with the sex difference in posterior ureteral venation and thus with the sex difference in incidence of hydronephrosis. Stocks are compared according to the amount of selection for fitness of short-ear genotypes; there is a reduced incidence of hydronephrosis with selection, accompanied by fewer posterior ureteral veins. Age also affects hydronephrosis; its expression increases slightly with age, and the male sese progeny of young mothers appear to be particularly prone to hydronephrosis. Three skeletal mutants segregate; of these fidget, fi, causes a type of hydronephrosis differing somewhat from that caused by se.
小鼠中的短耳基因（se）会影响多种软组织；骨骼方面的影响会导致体腔缩小。短耳基因型的小鼠肾盂积水发病率较高，这归因于体腔内器官拥挤对输尿管下段造成的压力。本研究关注的是从十个品系中选取的861只不同年龄、三种短耳基因型小鼠尸检中观察到的输尿管血管系统。短耳雄性小鼠肾盂积水的发病率和表现高于雌性，且两者的比例因品系而异。本研究旨在寻求解释。短耳基因型中异常输尿管静脉的发生率异常高，肾盂积水与更靠后的静脉密切相关。输尿管性腺静脉和髂静脉。与卵巢静脉相比，精索静脉位置更靠后，这与输尿管后段静脉的性别差异密切相关，进而与肾盂积水发病率的性别差异相关。根据对短耳基因型适应性的选择程度对品系进行比较；随着选择，肾盂积水的发病率降低，同时输尿管后段静脉数量减少。年龄也会影响肾盂积水；其表现随年龄略有增加，年轻母亲的雄性sese后代似乎特别容易患肾盂积水。有三种骨骼突变体分离出来；其中，坐立不安（fidget，fi）会导致一种与se引起的肾盂积水略有不同的肾盂积水类型。
