Seeh C, Melle T, Medl M, Hospes R
Ambulatorischen und Geburtshiflichen Veterinärklinik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen.
Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere. 1998 Jul;26(4):174-86.
Evaluation of clinical and endoscopic findings in 224 dairy cows, suffering from milk flow hindrance (MFH), led to a systematic categorization. Dairy cows of different age and race, being patients in the Ambulatorische und Geburtshilfliche Veterinärklinik der Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, and the Tierärztliche Klinik Babenhausen, were used as probands. Just a small amount of animals (8.93%) showed causes for MFH that were inborn or non-traumatic, such as inflammations or foreign bodies. In the majority of cases (91.07%) covered teat lesions (CTL) were diagnosed as causes for MFH. The inner orifice of the papillar duct and the papillar duct itself were found to be the by far most frequent locations of traumatic insult, which was diagnosed as avulsion of the mucosa in 86.16% of cases. Minimal invasive endoscopy proved to be a valuable imaging modality to investigate, document and categorize the diverse alterations of the inner teat cistern lining. Basing on clinical and endoscopic findings, MFH is categorized systematically, paying special attention to CTL as its major cause, and illustrated by comparing endoscopic pictures of typical alterations and physiological findings.
对224头患有乳汁流出障碍（MFH）的奶牛的临床和内窥镜检查结果进行评估后，得出了一个系统的分类。来自吉森尤斯图斯-利比希大学门诊及妇产科兽医诊所和巴本豪森兽医诊所的不同年龄和品种的奶牛被用作试验对象。只有少量动物（8.93%）显示出MFH的先天性或非创伤性病因，如炎症或异物。在大多数病例（91.07%）中，乳头病变（CTL）被诊断为MFH的病因。乳头管内口和乳头管本身被发现是迄今为止创伤性损伤最常见的部位，在86.16%的病例中被诊断为黏膜撕裂。微创内窥镜检查被证明是一种有价值的成像方式，可用于研究、记录和分类乳头内池内衬的各种改变。基于临床和内窥镜检查结果，对MFH进行系统分类，特别关注CTL作为其主要病因，并通过比较典型改变的内窥镜图像和生理检查结果进行说明。
