The single ectopic ureter.

32 cases of single ectopic ureter have been reviewed. The more remote the ectopic orifice opens from its normal position the more severe were the associated renal anomalies. In the great majority of cases, the corresponding kidney was dysplastic and radiographically functionless. An embryological explanation is proposed to account for the association of single ectopic ureter with a dysplastic kidney. Clinical symptomatology was dribbling incontinence in most female cases and various urogenital complaints in male. An accurate preoperative diagnosis is usually reached with a pyelogram and micturating cystogram. In some female cases a vaginogram or direct puncture and opacification of a vaginal cystic mass may be contributive. In the male, a radiological non-functioning kidney on one side of the urogram associated with a cystic mass palpated above the prostate is pathognomonic of an ectopic ureter opening in the seminal tract. Deferentography may confirm this diagnosis. Treatment of the condition is surgical. In the great majority of cases nephroureterectomy is required. In the male, the abnormal seminal tract involved in this complex malformation should also be removed.