Hepler P K
J Cell Sci. 1976 Jul;21(2):361-90. doi: 10.1242/jcs.21.2.361.
Blepharoplast formation and function has been investigated by light and electron microscopy in developing microspores of the water fern Marsilea vestita. When single-celled microspores are hydrated they undergo a series of 9 cell divisions producing 7 sterile cells plus 32 spermatids. The blepharoplast, a densely staining, spherical inclusion (0-5-1-0 mum in diameter) interpenetrated by numerous lightly stained channels, is a precursor organelle for the production of the 100-150 basal bodies of the motile sperm. During development it arises twice in the dividing spermatogenous cells; first in telophase of the second to last or 7th division, and again in telophase of the next to last or 8th division. The blepharoplast first forms on the distal side of the nucleus during telophase of the 7th division but soon degenerates as the cell enters prophase and metaphase of the 8th division. The blepharoplast first forms on the distal side of the nucleus during telophase of the 7th division but soon degenerates as the cell enters prophase and metaphase of the 8th division. During telophase of the 8th division the blepharoplast again arises in the cytoplasm near a small indentation of the nuclear envelope. The forming blepharoplast consists of a sphere of lightly stained flocculent material within which 2 plaques separated by 40-50 nm arise. Each plaque possesses 2 dense layers (20 nm) separated by a light layer (10 nm). During subsequent development the distal layer of each plaque becomes progressively more densely stained. Light-staining channels appear within the accumulating dense material a-d 2 hemispherical blepharoplasts emerge. The blepharoplasts become spherical through continued growth and finally separate from each other as they move to the spindle poles during prophase of the last or 9th division. The blepharoplast appears to act as a microtubule organizing centre during formation of the spindle apparatus in prophase of the 9th division. While it remains at the pole throughout mitosis it does not continue to serve as the focal point for the spindle tubules. During metaphase-anaphase of the 9th division the blepharoplast swells, and the channels at its surface begin transforming into procentrioles and finally basal bodies. The results support the contention that basal bodies in Marsilea arise de novo, since no preexisting template such as a centriolar pinwheel is observed and sine the intermediates which initially occur are structurally dissimilar from a procentriole.
利用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对水蕨（Marsilea vestita）发育中的小孢子进行了研究，以探讨生毛体的形成和功能。单细胞小孢子吸水后会经历一系列9次细胞分裂，产生7个不育细胞和32个精子细胞。生毛体是一种染色较深的球形内含物（直径0.5 - 1.0微米），有许多浅染的通道贯穿其中，是产生活动精子100 - 150个基体的前体细胞器。在发育过程中，它在分裂的精子发生细胞中出现两次；第一次出现在倒数第二次或第七次分裂的末期，第二次出现在倒数第一次或第八次分裂的末期。生毛体在第七次分裂末期首先在细胞核的远端形成，但随着细胞进入第八次分裂的前期和中期，它很快退化。生毛体在第七次分裂末期首先在细胞核的远端形成，但随着细胞进入第八次分裂的前期和中期，它很快退化。在第八次分裂末期，生毛体再次出现在靠近核膜小凹陷处的细胞质中。正在形成的生毛体由一个浅染的絮状物质球体组成，其中出现了两个被40 - 50纳米隔开的板层。每个板层有两个由一个亮层（10纳米）隔开的致密层（20纳米）。在随后的发育过程中，每个板层的远端层染色逐渐加深。在积累的致密物质中出现浅染的通道，两个半球形的生毛体出现。生毛体通过持续生长变成球形，最后在最后一次或第九次分裂的前期移向纺锤体极时彼此分离。在第九次分裂的前期，生毛体似乎在纺锤体装置形成过程中充当微管组织中心。虽然它在整个有丝分裂过程中都留在极处，但不再继续作为纺锤体微管的焦点。在第九次分裂的中期至后期，生毛体膨胀，其表面的通道开始转化为原中心粒，最终变成基体。这些结果支持了水蕨中基体从头产生的观点，因为未观察到预先存在的模板，如中心粒风车结构，而且最初出现的中间体在结构上与原中心粒不同。
