Superior vena cava syndrome caused by chronic hemodialysis catheters: autologous reconstruction with a pericardial tube graft.

Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome caused by long-term use of indwelling catheters is an infrequent but increasingly common complication. Because collateralization often is sufficient, surgical treatment rarely is indicated. We present a case of a patient with severe symptomatic SVC syndrome as a result of the long-term use of indwelling hemodialysis catheters. The SVC was reconstructed with a pericardial tube graft. Magnetic resonance angiography performed 13 months after the operation showed patency of the graft. The patient continues to be free of symptoms.