Meinel K, Guntermann E
St. Elisabeth Krankenhaus Leipzig.
Ultraschall Med. 1998 Jun;19(3):120-5. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1000474.
Evaluation of three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-ultrasound) for optimal diagnosis in fetal malformations.
The 3D-system used consists of a transmitter, position sensor and 3D-workstation. In 38 fetal malformations, verified using real-time two dimensional ultrasound, 101 volume scans were recorded to prove the following functional abilities of the system; (1) Sequential analysis of single images including volume estimation; (2) Simultaneous three plane display (longitudinal, transverse and horizontal planes); (3) Cubic sectional image; (4) Rotating or swinging volume block.
In 85% of the cases the 3D-ultrasound clearly achieved a more reliable diagnosis in comparison to the two-dimensional images. Furthermore, the diagnostic information was considerably improved in 44% of the investigated malformations compared to the conventional two-dimensional method. The main advantages of the transparent 3D-technology are (1) Plastic global imaging of the pathological topography (fetal tumours, ureteral stenosis); (2) Exact measurement of irregular volumes (ventricle system, cerebellum); (3) Precise evaluation of fetal disproportions (triploidy, osteochondrodysplasia); (4) Detection of minor malformations. The disadvantages of the method is that all fetal movements during the scanning procedure affect adversely the three-dimensional display.
The application of 3D-ultrasound in specialized prenatal units recommended.
评估三维超声（3D超声）在胎儿畸形最佳诊断中的应用。
所使用的3D系统由发射器、位置传感器和3D工作站组成。在38例经实时二维超声确诊的胎儿畸形中，记录了101次容积扫描，以证明该系统的以下功能；（1） 单幅图像的序列分析，包括容积估计；（2） 同时显示三个平面（纵切面、横切面和水平面）；（3） 立方截面图像；（4） 旋转或摆动容积块。
在85%的病例中，与二维图像相比，3D超声明显能做出更可靠的诊断。此外，与传统二维方法相比，在44%的被研究畸形中，诊断信息有显著改善。透明3D技术的主要优点是：（1） 对病理形态进行整体直观成像（胎儿肿瘤、输尿管狭窄）；（2） 精确测量不规则容积（脑室系统、小脑）；（3） 准确评估胎儿比例失调（三倍体、骨软骨发育不良）；（4） 检测微小畸形。该方法的缺点是扫描过程中胎儿的所有运动都会对三维显示产生不利影响。
建议在专业产前科室应用3D超声。
