Cloning experiments and developmental expression of both melatonin receptor Mel1A mRNA and melatonin binding sites in the Syrian hamster suprachiasmatic nuclei.

The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are implicated in the control of circadian biological rhythms, and especially the melatonin nocturnal synthesis. In numerous rodents, melatonin has been shown to feed back on the SCN activity through high affinity receptors. In contrast, Syrian hamster SCN activity is unresponsive to melatonin injections. As this lack of effect could be linked to a developmental loss of SCN melatonin receptors, the goals of the present study were 1) to report in Syrian hamster SCN, and pars tuberalis (PT) as a control, a complete pattern of the postnatal (PN) development of the melatonin receptor density and 2) to investigate whether the regulation of the Mel1a mRNA expression could be implicated in the post natal variations of the melatonin binding capacities. We first subcloned by PCR a partial cDNA encoding the Mel1a receptor from Syrian hamster SCN. Subsequent quantification of Mel1a mRNA expression and melatonin receptor density revealed that in the PT and SCN, both Mel1a mRNA expression and melatonin binding capacities declined abruptly between PN 0 and PN 8. Afterwards, in the PT, both parameters went up until they got stabilized in adulthood. Therefore, in the PT, post natal melatonin receptor density variations were highly correlated with post natal variations of the Mel1a mRNA expression. In the SCN, after PN 8, the melatonin receptor density followed its drop and then declined by more than 92% between post natal day 0 (PN 0) and PN 60 (12.11+/-0. 27 vs. 0.94+/-0.08 fmol/mg protein at PN 0 and PN 60 respectively). In contrast, Mel1a mRNA expression only slightly went down after PN 8 and got stabilized in adult age at 42% of the birth day expression level. These results show that Syrian hamster SCN undergo a dramatic post natal loss of their melatonin receptors that could explain the lack of effect of melatonin injections on SCN circadian activity. Furthermore, this SCN binding capacities decline could not be attributed to an inhibition of the mRNA expression, but rather to a post transcriptional blockade of the Mel1a receptor expression.