Gillin J C
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1998;393:39-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb05965.x.
This paper reviews recent literature which suggests that sleep disturbance in members of the general population, whether or not they have ever had a formal psychiatric disorder, is a risk factor for the onset of a formal psychiatric diagnosis at a later time. Based upon the current literature, the strongest link is between subjective insomnia, lasting at least 2 weeks, and the later onset of depression. Less well-established data suggest that lifetime reports of at least 2 weeks of insomnia, hypersomnia, or both hypersomnia and insomnia, are risk factors for the later development of depression, anxiety disorders or substance abuse. More tentatively, preliminary data suggest that increasing subjective sleep disturbance may signal a relapse in remitted depressed patients. Sleep disturbances are common manifestations of major depressive and anxiety disorders. Therefore, sleep complaints may be among the most robust prodromal symptoms reflecting partial depressive or anxiety disorders, which eventually declare themselves as full-blown clinical episodes.
本文回顾了近期的文献，这些文献表明，普通人群中的睡眠障碍，无论他们是否曾患过正式的精神疾病，都是日后出现正式精神疾病诊断的一个风险因素。根据当前的文献，最强的关联存在于持续至少两周的主观失眠与日后发生的抑郁症之间。不太确凿的数据表明，一生中至少有两周的失眠、嗜睡或嗜睡与失眠并存的报告，是日后患抑郁症、焦虑症或药物滥用的风险因素。更具试探性的是，初步数据表明，主观睡眠障碍的增加可能预示着缓解期抑郁症患者的复发。睡眠障碍是重度抑郁和焦虑症的常见表现。因此，睡眠问题可能是反映部分抑郁或焦虑症的最有力的前驱症状之一，这些症状最终会发展为全面的临床发作。
