Pintar F A, Yoganandan N, Voo L
Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1998 Sep 15;23(18):1957-62. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199809150-00007.
Statistical analysis of human cadaver cervical spine compression experiments.
To quantify the cervical spine compressive injury threshold as a function of the person's age, gender, and external loading rate.
Results of epidemiologic studies have indicated that most survivors of cervical spinal cord injury have spinal column fractures and dislocations that result from a compression or compression-flexion force vector. Cervical spinal column injury thresholds are dependent on many factors. Delineation of the injury thresholds according to age, gender, and loading rate is necessary to improve clinical assessments and prevention strategies.
Twenty-five human cadaver head-neck compression tests were included in the analysis. Two statistical models were used to quantify the effects of age, gender, and loading rate on the force required to induce failure in the cervical spine. A multiple linear regression model provided a direct equation that quantified the effects of the variables, and a proportional hazards model was used to quantify probability of injury with each factor.
The regression model had a correlation coefficient of 0.87. There was an interactive effect between age and loading rate: Increasing age reduced the effect of loading rate and at approximately 82 years, loading rate had no effect. Men were consistently 600 N stronger than women. The 50% probability of failure for a 50-year-old man at a 4.5-m/sec loading rate was approximately 3.9 kN. Differences in probability curves followed the same trends as seen in the regression model.
The effects of age on cervical spine injury threshold are coupled with the rate of loading experienced through the external force vector that causes the trauma. Assessment of injury mechanisms and thresholds should be based on the person's age, gender, and loading rate to determine treatment and prevent injuries.
人体尸体颈椎压缩实验的统计分析。
将颈椎压缩损伤阈值量化为年龄、性别和外部加载速率的函数。
流行病学研究结果表明，大多数颈脊髓损伤幸存者都有因压缩或压缩-屈曲力矢量导致的脊柱骨折和脱位。颈椎损伤阈值取决于许多因素。根据年龄、性别和加载速率确定损伤阈值对于改善临床评估和预防策略是必要的。
分析纳入了25项人体尸体头颈部压缩试验。使用两种统计模型来量化年龄、性别和加载速率对颈椎致伤所需力的影响。多元线性回归模型提供了一个直接方程，用于量化变量的影响，比例风险模型用于量化各因素导致损伤的概率。
回归模型的相关系数为0.87。年龄和加载速率之间存在交互作用：年龄增加会降低加载速率的影响，在大约82岁时，加载速率没有影响。男性始终比女性强600牛。一名50岁男性在4.5米/秒加载速率下发生损伤的概率为50%时，所需力约为3.9千牛。概率曲线的差异与回归模型中的趋势相同。
年龄对颈椎损伤阈值的影响与通过导致创伤的外力矢量所经历的加载速率相关。损伤机制和阈值的评估应基于个体的年龄、性别和加载速率，以确定治疗方案并预防损伤。
