Biron C A
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Semin Immunol. 1998 Oct;10(5):383-90. doi: 10.1006/smim.1998.0138.
Innate cytokine responses are important mediators of early defense against infections. Certain of their effects can be delivered directly to activate protective mechanisms in infected cells. Others activate innate immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages, to mediate defense. Still others shape adaptive immune responses. The compositions and magnitudes of innate cytokine responses are modulated, by the nature of the infectious agent, to facilitate accessing of the anti-microbial defense functions most beneficial in defense against the particular infection. In the context of viral infections, interferons alpha and beta (IFN-alpha/beta) are induced to high levels, and help to mediate and regulate immune responses most effective against this class of agents. The cytokines induce anti-viral mechanisms in infected cells, negatively regulate interleukin 12 expression, and activate NK cell-mediated lysis. Protective development of adaptive immunity to viral infections includes prominent CD8 T cell expansion and activation, and IFN-alpha/beta can mediate functions with the potential to promote these T cell responses. Together, the characteristics define regulation of unique or unique prominent defense mechanisms in place to fight off viral infections.
固有细胞因子反应是早期抗感染防御的重要介质。它们的某些作用可直接发挥，以激活受感染细胞中的保护机制。其他作用则激活固有免疫细胞，包括自然杀伤（NK）细胞和巨噬细胞，来介导防御。还有一些作用塑造适应性免疫反应。固有细胞因子反应的组成和强度会根据感染因子的性质进行调节，以促进发挥对特定感染最有益的抗菌防御功能。在病毒感染的情况下，α和β干扰素（IFN-α/β）会被诱导至高水平，并有助于介导和调节针对这类病原体最有效的免疫反应。这些细胞因子在受感染细胞中诱导抗病毒机制，负向调节白细胞介素12的表达，并激活NK细胞介导的细胞裂解。针对病毒感染的适应性免疫的保护性发展包括显著的CD8 T细胞扩增和激活，并且IFN-α/β可以介导具有促进这些T细胞反应潜力的功能。总之，这些特性定义了对抗病毒感染所特有的或特别突出的防御机制的调节。
