Kono A, Kanagawa K
Department of Community Health Nursing School of Health Science & Nursing Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 1998 Aug;45(8):749-57.
The purpose of this study was to investigate daily life patterns associated with changes of disability over 18-months among frail elderly living at home. Subjects were 50 frail elderly living at home who were interviewed at baseline, in July-September 1995. By detailed time budgets among them, five life patterns were classified. Lying-rest life pattern, Sitting-rest life pattern, Hobby life pattern, Walking life pattern, and Houseworking life pattern. Activities of daily living (ADL) measured by Extended ADL Index consisted of 8 items of Barthel Index and 4 items of TMIG Index of Competence. Information for follow-up were obtained from home health nurses or mail-questionnaires February-March in 1997. The results were as follows: All samples were able to be followed. Seven people died within the 18 months follow-up. Overall change of score on ADL was not seen between baseline and follow-up study. ADL improvement was seen in 45.0% and 43.7% had declines. Daily life patterns were not correlated with changes in ADL score. However, analysis of decline in ability to perform each activities, relative associations (not statistically significant) were found for changes in function and daily life patterns. Lying-rest life pattern and Sitting-rest life pattern elderly were more likely to decline in ADL than Walking life pattern and HouseworKing life pattern elderly. Hobby life pattern elderly only declined in walking. These findings support previous studies showing that disability of home frail elderly could be improved. Daily life pattern among them would be a helpful predictor of changes in specific physical performance over years.
本研究旨在调查居家体弱老年人在18个月内与残疾变化相关的日常生活模式。研究对象为50名居家体弱老年人，于1995年7月至9月进行基线访谈。通过对他们详细的时间安排进行分类，确定了五种生活模式：躺卧休息生活模式、静坐休息生活模式、爱好生活模式、散步生活模式和家务劳动生活模式。采用扩展日常生活活动指数测量的日常生活活动（ADL）由巴氏指数的8项和TMIG能力指数的4项组成。随访信息于1997年2月至3月从家庭健康护士或邮寄问卷中获得。结果如下：所有样本均能进行随访。在18个月的随访中有7人死亡。基线研究和随访研究之间未发现ADL评分的总体变化。45.0%的ADL有改善，43.7%有下降。日常生活模式与ADL评分变化无关。然而，对每项活动能力下降的分析发现，功能变化与日常生活模式之间存在相对关联（无统计学意义）。躺卧休息生活模式和静坐休息生活模式的老年人比散步生活模式和家务劳动生活模式的老年人更易出现ADL下降。爱好生活模式的老年人仅在步行方面有所下降。这些发现支持了先前的研究，表明居家体弱老年人的残疾状况可以得到改善。他们的日常生活模式可能有助于预测多年来特定身体机能的变化。
