Kanehisa H, Ikegawa S, Fukunaga T
Department of Life Sciences (Sports Sciences), University of Tokyo, Japan.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1998 Oct;8(5 Pt 1):271-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00482.x.
The cross-sectional area (CSAs) of bone and muscle tissues in the forearm, upper arm, lower leg, and thigh and body composition were determined by B-mode ultrasound and underwater weighing methods, respectively for 56 college Olympic weight lifters and 28 age-matched non-athletes to investigate the magnitude of musculoskeletal development in the strength-trained athletes belonging to the weight-classified sports event. The average value of fat-free mass (FFM) for the weight lifters ranked 12.6 kg above the regression line of FFM on stature for untrained subjects. In the weight lifters, however, the percentage of fat mass to body mass was also highly correlated to body mass index. Bone and muscle CSAs in every site were significantly larger in the weight lifter than in the untrained subjects with relative differences of 22 to 58% and 17 to 56%, respectively. Moreover, as a result of regression analysis for the mixed data from weight lifters and untrained subjects, significant correlation was found between bone and muscle CSAs in every site (r = 0.620 to 0.791, P < 0.05). The differences in lean (bone + muscle) CSA were still significant in all sites except for the lower leg even when the difference in body size was statistically controlled. The comparisons between the weight lifters and untrained subjects on the lean CSA ratios of site to site and muscle CSA ratios of flexors to extensors indicated that the weight lifters had achieved a high relative distribution of lean tissues in the arms and a dominant development in elbow and knee extensors. Thus, the present results suggested that participation in weight lifting exercises for a long period could increase bone CSA as well as muscle CSA, and induce in the participants a noticeable enlargement in given sites and muscle groups responsible for performing the Olympic lifts.
分别采用B超和水下称重法，测定了56名大学奥运举重运动员和28名年龄匹配的非运动员的前臂、上臂、小腿和大腿的骨组织和肌肉组织横截面积（CSA）以及身体成分，以研究属于体重分级运动项目的力量训练运动员的肌肉骨骼发育程度。举重运动员的去脂体重（FFM）平均值比未训练受试者FFM与身高回归线上的值高出12.6kg。然而，在举重运动员中，脂肪量占体重的百分比也与体重指数高度相关。举重运动员各部位的骨和肌肉CSA均显著大于未训练受试者，相对差异分别为22%至58%和17%至56%。此外，对举重运动员和未训练受试者的混合数据进行回归分析的结果显示，各部位的骨和肌肉CSA之间存在显著相关性（r = 0.620至0.791，P < 0.05）。即使在统计学上控制了体型差异，除小腿外，所有部位的瘦组织（骨 + 肌肉）CSA差异仍然显著。对举重运动员和未训练受试者进行部位间瘦CSA比率以及屈肌与伸肌肌肉CSA比率的比较表明，举重运动员在手臂中实现了瘦组织的高相对分布，并且在肘伸肌和膝伸肌中占主导地位。因此，目前的结果表明，长期参与举重运动可以增加骨CSA以及肌肉CSA，并使参与者负责进行奥运举重动作的特定部位和肌肉群明显增大。
