Albert M R, González S, González E
Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Am J Contact Dermat. 1998 Dec;9(4):207-11.
Patch testing is a useful diagnostic tool when allergic contact dermatitis is suspected clinically.
This study describes the results of patch testing performed from January 1, 1990 to June 1, 1997 at the Massachusetts General Hospital Contact Dermatitis Clinic. The findings are compared with those previously reported by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG).
Data were collected from chart review and analyzed. Patients included in the study underwent patch testing to the full European standard series of allergens. A standardized patch testing technique was used, and readings were performed by a single observer.
A total of 608 patients were patch tested to a screening tray of 24 allergens; 69.9% were women. At least one positive patch test reaction was observed in 60.0% of patients. The most common sensitizers were nickel sulfate, fragrance mix, potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride, balsam of Peru, quaternium-15, and neomycin sulfate. The sensitization rate to potassium dichromate (9.4%) was higher than has been reported by the NACDG. A statistically significant difference in the sensitization rate in men and women was observed for nickel, quinoline mix, epoxy resin, and formaldehyde. The prevalence of positive patch test reactions was not found to be influenced by testing during the summer months.
In the authors' opinion, the prevalence of contact sensitization is generally comparable with the findings of the NACDG, with the exception of reactions to potassium dichromate. This difference in results probably reflects, in part, differences in methodology. The test concentration of potassium dichromate was 0.5%, commonly used in Europe, instead of the 0.25% concentration used by the NACDG. Further investigation is necessary to determine the optimal testing concentration of potassium dichromate.
当临床上怀疑为过敏性接触性皮炎时，斑贴试验是一种有用的诊断工具。
本研究描述了1990年1月1日至1997年6月1日在马萨诸塞州总医院接触性皮炎诊所进行的斑贴试验结果。将这些结果与北美接触性皮炎组（NACDG）先前报告的结果进行比较。
通过查阅病历收集数据并进行分析。纳入研究的患者接受了针对全套欧洲标准变应原系列的斑贴试验。使用标准化的斑贴试验技术，由一名观察者进行读数。
共有608例患者接受了针对24种变应原筛查托盘的斑贴试验；69.9%为女性。60.0%的患者观察到至少一个阳性斑贴试验反应。最常见的致敏原是硫酸镍、香料混合物、重铬酸钾、氯化钴、秘鲁香脂、季铵盐-15和硫酸新霉素。重铬酸钾的致敏率（9.4%）高于NACDG报告的水平。在镍、喹啉混合物、环氧树脂和甲醛方面，观察到男性和女性的致敏率存在统计学显著差异。未发现夏季进行试验会影响阳性斑贴试验反应的发生率。
作者认为，除了对重铬酸钾的反应外，接触致敏的发生率总体上与NACDG的研究结果相当。结果的这种差异可能部分反映了方法学上的差异。重铬酸钾的试验浓度为0.5%，这是欧洲常用的浓度，而不是NACDG使用的0.25%浓度。有必要进一步研究以确定重铬酸钾的最佳试验浓度。
