INTRODUCTION: Thyroid cysts are a common cause of neck lump presentation. Historically, treatment options were aspiration or surgery. Percutaneous ethanol ablation (PEA) offers a minimally invasive, low cost and effective alternative, although UK experience is limited. METHODS: Hundred consecutive patients to receive elective PEA for a benign thyroid cyst between May 2017 and October 2024 in NHS Lothian were reviewed. Cyst volume reduction (CVR) and patient outcomes over a median follow-up period of 33 months were reviewed. RESULTS: Median CVR was 79.16%. Follow-up data was available for 88 patients. 68 (77.3%) were discharged without further intervention following their first PEA. 14 (15.9%) had repeat PEA, 1 (1.1%) underwent fine needle aspiration and 5 (5.7%) were referred for consideration of surgery, of which 3 underwent a procedure. Regarding cyst characteristics, the presence of septations had the strongest influence on CVR (p = 0.003). Solid components were also significantly associated with decreased CVR (p = 0.019). Viscous cyst fluid showed a trend toward decreased CVR (p = 0.161). Further analysis demonstrated that septations (p = 0.056), solid components (p = 0.013) and viscosity (p = 0.013) were predictive of incomplete cyst resolution necessitating repeat interventions such as PEA, aspiration or surgery. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we found USS-guided PEA to be an effective treatment for benign thyroid cysts, resulting in significant cyst volume reduction. It was found to be most effective in simple cysts and can avoid the need for surgical intervention in over 95% of such cases. This service should be routinely offered to patients as part of the shared decision-making process.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prediction value of a second PET-CT imaging study performed 1 year after treatment for patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS: A Retrospective single-institution tertiary care centre study. Included are all patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer between 2010 and 2020 at a tertiary medical centre. All 77 suitable patients completed at least two ET-CT scans during the post-treatment period, the first at 3 months and the second at 1 year. The follow-up extended to 5 years after treatment. The main outcome measures were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: In total, 55 (65%) patients had no evidence of disease (NED) on the 1-year PET-CT. The negative predictive value of 1-year PET-CT was 91% for 4-year DFS and 100% for 4-year OS. Regression analysis of NED on the 1-year PET-CT correlated with 5-year DFS (odds ratio [OR] 55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.2-500, p = 0.001) and low probability of 5-year recurrence rates (OR 11.23, 1.23-100, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrate that NED on PET-CT performed 1 year after the completion of treatment for oropharyngeal cancer is indicative of very low recurrence rates and almost non-existent mortality. We suggest performing a second PET-CT study at 1 year post-treatment on all patients with negative results on the first one performed at 3 months post-treatment. Negative findings on the second study may allow for a more lenient clinical follow-up protocol.
The impact of negative liquid pressure on the freezing of xylem sap is a unique scientific problem. Equilibrium thermodynamics would suggest that, due to the density anomaly of ice, sap under tension should freeze at higher temperatures than under positive pressure. Yet, the opposite is observed in tree branches: freezing temperatures decrease as the pressure becomes more negative. Using a cold stage array, we measured the freezing points of sap samples extracted from Pinus sylvestris branches dehydrated to varying negative pressures and compared them with the freezing points of the sap-filled sample branches with similar negative pressures. We find that the freezing onset of extracted sap is c. 10 degrees lower than inside the branches, and uncorrelated with the water potential that was present before extraction. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that supercooling under tension is a purely physical phenomenon and that nucleation is initiated on the surface of the xylem tissue. By drawing an analogy with aerosol science, we propose that pores in the conduit walls may form either an ice embryo or a gas nanobubble, with the competition between the two determining the macroscopic freezing point. A phenomenological model based on the above mechanism reproduces the observed branch freezing onset temperatures within experimental uncertainty.
现存针叶林的一个关键特征是，有很高比例的种子在枯木上发芽并扎根；在一些森林中，这一比例可能超过90%。这种枯木可以成为幼树物种的理想苗圃，因此这种类型的苗床被称为“保育木”。目前尚不清楚这种生态策略在针叶树的整个进化历史中有多普遍。在这里，我们使用经典的古植物学技术和显微镜，描述了一块来自苏格兰侏罗纪时期、距今约1.5亿年的木材碎片。我们通过对化石保育木、真菌和节肢动物进化的文献综述，在裸子植物的进化背景下解读我们的新发现。我们将这块木材上腐烂过程的时间线解释为包括三个主要阶段：由白色袋状腐朽导致木材分解；两种节肢动物钻孔，可能是甲虫和螨虫所为；以及小根的定植。这些发现证明了侏罗纪森林地面上发生的腐烂过程的复杂性，以及白腐菌和节肢动物在保育木生态策略中所起的关键作用。白腐真菌促进针叶树在保育木上发芽，这是一种在地质时间尺度上塑造森林生态系统方面具有相关性的保守生态策略。
植物已经进化出一套复杂的免疫系统来检测并应对入侵的病原体。这种防御机制的一个关键方面依赖于调控免疫反应激活的机制，以确保免疫反应高效且不会损害植物的整体性能。青枯雷尔氏菌是一种土壤传播的细菌病原体，可在许多植物物种中引发青枯病。其毒力取决于III型效应蛋白的分泌，这些蛋白会抑制植物的免疫反应。在本研究中，我们研究了拟南芥中一种这样的效应蛋白RipAV的功能，重点关注其在调节模式触发免疫中的作用。我们发现，RipAV靶向植物特异性泛素连接酶（PUB）家族成员和钙依赖性蛋白激酶28（CPK28），已有研究表明CPK28会磷酸化一组PUB以增强其活性并调节关键免疫调节因子BIK1的稳定性。RipAV的结合增强了CPK28介导的PUB磷酸化，诱导蛋白酶体介导的BIK1降解并抑制免疫反应。重要的是，我们发现RipAV是青枯雷尔氏菌感染期间维持BIK1低积累所必需的。这些发现为病原体用来破坏植物免疫的复杂策略提供了新的见解。
我们对光合能力在不同C4植物物种之间以及在不同生长和测量条件下如何变化的理解仍然有限。我们整理了1696条在各种环境条件下生长和测量的C4植物净CO2同化率的CO2响应曲线（A/C曲线），并利用这些数据来估计磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶的表观最大羧化活性（Vcmax）和CO2饱和净光合速率（Asat），这两个描述光合能力的关键参数。我们研究了Vcmax和Asat如何随物种特异性特征、生长和测量条件而变化。我们发现，在经典的C4生化亚型或生长形式中，Vcmax和Asat几乎没有系统的变化，但表明生长温度和测量条件是决定C4光合能力的主要因素。我们没有发现证据表明常见的C4模式物种（如玉米、高粱和绿色狗尾草）在受控环境中生长时，其光合能力与其他C4物种不同。然而，C4模式物种在田间生长时，其光合能力是其他C4物种的两倍。我们的多变量模型解释了Vcmax和Asat中报道的47%-51%的变异，并且我们认为环境条件对C4光合能力的影响大于生化亚型或生长形式。
目的：通过对现有研究数据和结果进行系统评价和荟萃分析，评估呼吸训练对老年吞咽困难患者的疗效。 方法：检索包括PubMed、EMBASE、科学网、Cochrane图书馆、中国知网和万方在内的数据库，查找从建库至2024年的研究。纳入的研究为随机对照试验，涉及诊断为吞咽困难的老年患者（年龄≥65岁），这些患者接受了呼吸训练，如呼气肌力量训练或吸气肌训练，随访期至少6个月。使用《Cochrane干预措施系统评价手册》评估纳入研究的质量，并使用RevMan 5.3进行荟萃分析。 结果：纳入10项随机对照试验，其中5项评为高质量（A级），4项评为中等质量（B级），1项评为低质量（C级）。荟萃分析显示，与对照组相比，呼吸训练组有显著改善：第1秒用力呼气量（相对危险度=0.07，95%置信区间[CI；0.05，0.08]，p<0.000）、呼气峰值流速（平均差[MD]=-3.99，95%CI[-4.88，-3.11]，p<0.000）和渗透-误吸量表评分（MD=-2.16，95%CI[-2.35，-1.98]，p<0.000）。 结论：呼吸训练可显著改善老年吞咽困难患者的呼吸和吞咽功能，降低误吸风险，显示出比传统护理更大的疗效。这些发现表明呼吸训练在老年患者吞咽困难康复中的应用具有广阔潜力。
目的：本研究旨在探讨局部晚期喉癌（LALC）患者生存结局的高危因素，并建立和验证一种预后预测模型。该模型旨在识别高危患者，协助为每个个体选择合适的治疗方案。 方法：我们纳入了283例被诊断为LALC的患者。使用LASSO方法、XGBoost算法和随机森林（RF）筛选与LALC预后相关的关键特征。然后基于COX回归模型开发了一个列线图。使用自助法在内部进行模型验证。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）、ROC曲线下面积（AUC）、一致性指数（C-index）和决策曲线分析（DCA）来评估模型性能。Kaplan-Meier曲线比较了不同组之间的生存结局以及不同治疗方法的有效性。所有统计分析均使用R统计软件（版本4.3.1）进行。 结果：共对484例LALC患者进行了随访。平均随访时间为（39.07±30.85）个月。LALC患者的1年、3年和5年生存率分别为79.13%、62.82%和54.34%。应用纳入和排除标准后，最终纳入283例LALC患者。确定了7个显著变量，包含这些预测因子的列线图显示出良好的区分度和校准度。此外，列线图成功地将患者分为低风险和高风险组。预测1年、3年和5年总生存率的AUC值分别为0.852、0.850和0.829。DCA表明列线图具有临床实用性。基于7个特征的COX模型在预测5年生存结局方面比基于美国癌症联合委员会（AJCC）第8版TNM分期的模型表现更优，净重新分类指数（NRI）为0.914，综合判别改善指数（IDI）为0.24。 结论：基于“年龄”“治疗方式”“手术”“DAA”“血钾”“淋巴结转移率”和“肿瘤累及声门下区”这7个独立因素开发的Cox回归模型，能够有效预测LALC患者的总生存期。对于LALC患者，尤其是高危组患者，手术或手术联合辅助放疗可能带来更好的生存获益。
目的：噪声对姿势控制过程的影响一直是人们关注的焦点。本探索性研究旨在确定个人听力设备（PLD）对青少年和青年成年人姿势稳定性的影响。 方法：纳入年龄在13至25岁之间且有PLD使用史的参与者。该研究分两部分进行。第一部分涉及确定PLD的收听水平和偏好音量水平。第二部分使用改良的平衡感觉交互临床测试（mCTSIB）和动态姿势稳定性来评估姿势稳定性。 结果：招募了64名参与者，平均年龄为18.78岁（标准差：3.11）。大多数为女性（62.5%），华裔（38.1%）。报告的PLD平均收听水平和偏好音量水平分别为57.50分贝（标准差：6.15）和46.48%（标准差：15.98）。男性PLD使用者的收听水平和偏好音量水平更高。发现青少年的收听水平高于青年成年人。女性PLD使用者的摇摆和姿势稳定性指数高于男性PLD使用者。发现青年成年人的摇摆和姿势稳定性指数更高。PLD使用者年龄与mCTSIB摇摆指数之间存在统计学意义（系数：0.367；p = 0.003）。 结论：当前研究表明，年轻一代在接触PLD后易出现姿势不稳定。然而，所提供的数据不足以得出结论，未来有必要进行大样本量的随机对照研究。
目的：通过比较手术时间、住院时间、并发症和再入院率，评估由一名主刀医生与两名主刀医生进行头颈部游离皮瓣重建手术的效率和质量。 研究设计：回顾性病历审查。 研究地点：单机构三级医疗中心。 方法：2010年11月至2021年1月期间在堪萨斯大学医学中心接受头颈部手术并进行游离皮瓣重建的583例患者被分为两个队列：单主刀医生队列和双主刀医生队列。在双主刀医生队列中，一名医生进行组织切除，另一名医生进行重建（n = 329），而在单主刀医生队列中，一名主刀医生同时进行切除和重建（n = 254）。收集患者手术时的年龄、性别、美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）分级和查尔森合并症指数（CCI）。 结果：两组之间在基线临床人口统计学特征方面未发现显著差异。与双主刀医生队列（552.4分钟，标准差119.2）相比，单主刀医生队列的平均手术时间缩短（424.9分钟，标准差127.6）（平均差异127.5分钟，科恩d值 = 1.04）。与单主刀医生队列相比，双主刀医生队列中进行骨皮游离皮瓣手术的比例略高（单主刀医生队列：53.5%；双主刀医生队列：62.3%）。所有其他次要质量指标均无显著差异，但需要术中使用升压药的比例除外（单主刀医生队列中为86.2%，双主刀医生队列中为74.5%，平均差异11.7%，科恩d值 = 0.29）。 结论：本研究表明，在我们机构中，由单名主刀医生主导的游离皮瓣病例至少具有非劣效的效率和质量结果。最大化手术效率和质量的最佳方法可能因外科医生和中心而异。 证据级别：III级。
Schizothorax prenanti is an important economic Cyprinidae fish endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in China. The wild population of S. prenanti continues to decline and has been listed as an endangered fish because of environmental pollution and overfishing. Herein, the skin cell line (SPSK) of S. prenanti was established using the tissue block method to aid in protecting S. prenanti at the cellular level and provide a skin cell line that can be applied in functional genomics and disease aetiology of the spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV), which is highly infectious in Cyprinidae fish. The SPSK cell line was sub-cultured to more than 30 generations at 24°C in L-15 medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Karyotype analysis further revealed that the chromosome number of SPSK ranged between 140 and 149, with 146 accounting for the highest proportion. Significant fluorescent signals were observed after transfection of SPSK with pEGFP-N1 and Cy3-siRNA, with a 30% and 90% transfection efficiency, respectively. Severe cytopathic effects (CPE) were also observed when SPSK was infected with SVCV, and the SVCV glycoprotein gene was detected by RT-PCR, indicating that SPSK was susceptible to SVCV. To further explore the mechanism of bacterial infection, transcriptome analysis was conducted for LPS treated SPSK cells and 9099 differentially expressed genes were identified. These genes significantly enriched into pathways including the Haematopoietic Cell Lineage and Primary immunodeficiency. Furthermore, seven predominantly expressed epidermal maker genes were identified by transcriptomic data, suggesting that SPSK cells were mainly derived from skin epidermis, composed of epidermal stem cell, Merkel cell, and immune cell. The establishment and characterisation of SPSK revealed its application in functional genomics and aetiology studies, making it a favourable tool for exploring disease control in S. prenanti and recovering fish resources.
Cardiac viral diseases are among the major causes of economic losses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) aquaculture. These include cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) caused by piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) and pancreas disease (PD) caused by Atlantic salmonid alphavirus (SAV). The resulting cardiomyopathies impact fish stock in terms of mortality, quality, growth performance and economic loss. Diagnosis of these diseases is currently based on clinical signs, histopathology and RT-qPCR. To identify putative biomarkers for use in the health assessment of Atlantic salmon, a quantitative proteomics investigation was undertaken with the aim of differentiating fish with CMS from healthy fish and fish with PD. Serum samples (n = 9/group) were collected during health assessment from pens where clinical CMS or PD were present and compared to serum from healthy Atlantic salmon. There were 34 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in CMS compared to healthy, 66 comparing CMS to PD, and 81 comparing PD to healthy. In relation to healthy samples, most DAPs were shared between CMS and PD, with higher relative abundances observed in PD. An exception to this was serum fibrinogen, which was identified as a putative biomarker for CMS, whereas differentiation of Atlantic salmon with CMS from those with PD was enhanced by the calculation of the ratio of fibrinogen to skeletal troponin C.
Despite recent genomic studies and increased molecular data, epitheliocystis remains an enigmatic fish disease with no experimental in vitro or in vivo models to aid the advancement of research. In this study, we revert to a classical microscopical approach and screen with the electron microscope the epitheliocystis lesions caused by a Ca. Parilichlamydia sp., infecting mucus cells in Greater amberjack. We report distinct morphological features of this bacterial family, characterised by Intermediate Bodies that closely resemble those of previously described Candidatus similchlamydia, and Elementary Bodies that exhibit morphological similarities to Chlamydia trachomatis. We describe the characteristics of a novel Chlamydial Inclusion Membrane (IM) type, with abundant interdigitations, possibly shaped by fusion of the IM with cytoplasmic vesicles, and moreover discuss the presence of multivesicular bodies in the infected cell. Our observation of immune cells in the infected areas indicates an interaction of macrophages with infected cells, a role for granular cells as pathogens reservoirs and an active phagoptosis process in the nearby areas, overall shedding light on cellular immune processes characterising these infections in fish hosts.
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the possible transmission of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) between common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through cohabitating infected fish of one species with healthy fish of the counter species. The ability of infected O. niloticus to transmit the infection to nearby C. carpio for an extended period was also evaluated. The cohabitation ratio was one SVCV-challenged fish of one species to three healthy fish of the other species. Epithelioma Papulosum Cyprini cell line was utilised for virus isolation, while RT-PCR was used for virus confirmation. Results showed that the virus can be isolated from and confirmed in various organs of both C. carpio and O. niloticus cohabitated from the first day post cohabitation (DPC) and up to the 17th-day DPC from the gills, while up to the 35th DPC from the visceral organs and intestine. Additionally, the SVCV was successfully detected in the gills and visceral organs of C. carpio cohabitated with O. niloticus infected 14 or 21 days before cohabitation. Results indicated that SVCV can be transmitted from infected O. niloticus or C. carpio to nearby healthy fish of the counter species.
目的：本研究调查了脑卒中患者营养素养的现状及相关影响因素，旨在为制定针对性干预措施提供参考。 设计：横断面研究。 方法：采用便利抽样法，选取2024年6月至11月的342例脑卒中患者作为研究对象，使用一般资料问卷、营养素养量表、赫思希望量表、慢性病自我效能量表和社会支持评定量表进行横断面调查。采用描述性分析、独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析和多元线性回归分析进行数据分析。 结果：结果显示，脑卒中患者营养素养得分为122.24±16.66，性别、年龄、文化程度、家庭月人均收入、营养教育、希望水平、自我效能和社会支持是影响脑卒中患者营养素养的因素（均P<0.05）。 结论：根据研究，脑卒中患者的营养素养有待提高，医务人员应制定针对性干预计划以提高患者的营养素养水平。 与临床实践的相关性：医护人员应评估营养素养水平，以便提供针对性干预。建立多学科护理团队并在脑卒中后实施长期营养管理对于降低脑卒中复发率和死亡率至关重要。 报告方法：本研究遵循STROBE清单。 患者或公众贡献：无患者或公众贡献。
目的与目标：本研究旨在调查重症监护病房（ICU）中接受肠内营养（EN）的患者应激性高血糖的发生率，并确定其危险因素。 背景：应激性高血糖在接受EN的ICU患者中很常见，且与较差的预后相关。然而，EN期间与应激性高血糖相关的因素仍不清楚，尤其是在未被诊断为糖尿病的患者中。 设计：一项回顾性队列研究。 方法：回顾了贵州省人民医院两个ICU中614例接受EN的非糖尿病患者的电子病历。患者被分为高血糖组和非高血糖组。收集了社会人口统计学、临床特征、治疗方案、营养治疗和即时血糖值。单因素和多因素分析确定了应激性高血糖的危险因素。本研究遵循STROBE指南。 结果：ICU中接受EN的非糖尿病患者应激性高血糖的发生率为35.50%。多因素分析显示，肥胖（BMI≥28kg/m）、高碳水化合物摄入量（>5.0g/kg/天）和使用半要素EN溶液是应激性高血糖的独立危险因素。相比之下，中等碳水化合物摄入量（3.0-3.9g/kg/天）与应激性高血糖风险显著降低相关。 结论：35.50%的ICU非糖尿病患者在EN期间发生了应激性高血糖。潜在危险因素包括BMI≥28kg/m、高碳水化合物摄入量（>5.0g/kg/天）和使用半要素EN溶液。中等碳水化合物摄入量（3.0-3.9g/kg/天）具有保护作用。未来的研究应探索最佳碳水化合物摄入量范围和个性化营养方案，以降低危重症患者的应激性高血糖。 与临床实践的相关性：降低ICU中接受EN的非糖尿病患者的应激性高血糖至关重要。建议包括监测BMI≥28kg/m的患者，考虑中等碳水化合物摄入量（3.0-3.9g/kg/天），并根据患者个体情况合理选择肠内营养溶液的类型。
The mutualism between mycorrhizal fungi and plants has persisted for over 400 million years, despite the mutualism paradox predicting that mutualisms should be evolutionarily unstable due to the fitness advantages of cheating. It is widely accepted that mutual benefit alone is not sufficient for stable mutualism, and so a search for additional stabilising mechanisms has been the focus of past investigation. In this work, we test the assumption that cheating is an omnipresent threat to mutualism; hence, additional mechanisms for stability are needed. We developed a novel individual-based model of a plant and mycorrhizal fungus, where mechanisms commonly thought necessary for mutualism stability, for example, partner choice, are absent. The organisms take up carbon and phosphorus at different uptake efficiencies, exchange resources, and grow depending on their limiting resource over 10 time steps. We simulated co-evolution of resource trading strategies over 2000 generations, under 231 nutrient uptake efficiency combinations. Evolutionarily stable mutualism evolved in 66% of the nutrient uptake efficiency combinations tested. Parasitism and Darwinian extinction also occurred. Our results suggest that different nutrient uptake efficiencies, Leibig's law of the minimum, and one-to-one resource trade are sufficient to explain stable mutualism, parasitism and Darwinian extinction, via fitness feedback, without additional mechanisms.
Comparative molecular and physiological analyses of organisms from one taxonomic group grown under similar conditions offer a strategy to identify gene targets for trait improvement. While this strategy can also be performed in silico using genome-scale metabolic models for the compared organisms, we continue to lack solutions for the de novo generation of such models, particularly for eukaryotes. To facilitate model-driven identification of gene targets for growth improvement in green algae, here we present a semiautomated platform for de novo generation of genome-scale algal metabolic models. We deployed this platform to reconstruct an enzyme-constrained, genome-scale metabolic model of Chlorella ohadii, the fastest growing green alga reported to date, and validated the growth predictions in experiments under three growth conditions. We also proposed a computational strategy to identify targets for growth improvement based on flux analyses. Extensive flux-based comparative analyses using all existing models of green algae resulted in the identification of potential targets for growth improvement not only in standard but also in extreme light conditions, where C. ohadii still exhibits exceptional growth. Our findings indicate that the developed platform provides the basis for the generation of pan-genome-scale metabolic models of algae.
乙烯在转录、转录后、翻译和翻译后水平上调节果实成熟。然而，多种调控机制仍不清楚。在此，我们揭示了一个在转录和翻译后水平上调节果实成熟的模块。乙烯和脱落酸显著诱导了MaERF113和MaABI5-like的转录水平和蛋白水平，并且MaERF113激活了与淀粉（MaGWD1、MaBAM3和MaAMY3）和叶绿素（MaSGR1和MaPPH）降解相关基因的表达。利用生理学、分子生物学和遗传学方法研究了它们在果实软化中的功能和调控网络。MaERF113的异位和瞬时过表达促进了香蕉和番茄的果实成熟，并诱导了淀粉和叶绿素的降解，而MaERF113的沉默则产生相反的效果。MaERF113与E3泛素连接酶MaSINAT5相互作用，MaSINAT5在K78位点使MaERF113泛素化，介导其降解并减弱MaERF113介导的靶基因反式激活。MaSINAT5的过表达延迟了果实成熟，而MaSINAT5的沉默则加速了果实成熟。有趣的是，MaABI5-like激活并与MaERF113相互作用，以增强参与淀粉和叶绿素降解的基因的启动子活性。总体而言，我们的研究结果揭示了一个由MaSINAT5/MaABI5-like-MaERF113组成的动态调控模块，该模块通过调节淀粉和叶绿素降解来介导‘粉蕉’的果实成熟，这加深了我们对位点特异性泛素化修饰和植物激素信号转导在调控果实成熟中的相互作用的理解。
植物激素脱落酸（ABA）在非生物胁迫尤其是干旱胁迫过程中发挥着重要作用。尽管丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）级联反应对于ABA介导的耐旱性至关重要，但这些级联反应如何整合并传递下游ABA信号却鲜为人知。在此，研究发现C组MAPK GhMPK7在棉花中正向调控ABA介导的耐旱性。沉默GhMPK7会降低转基因棉花植株的耐旱性。ABA处理后，GhMPK7沉默的转基因植株对ABA不敏感，气孔关闭受限，发芽率更快且根更长。重要的是，研究发现ABA信号的负调控因子GhSDIRIP1作为下游与GhMPK7相互作用。在GhMPK7沉默的转基因棉花植株中沉默GhSDIRIP1可恢复由GhMPK7沉默导致的不耐旱表型。磷酸化实验结果表明，GhMPK7可磷酸化GhSDIRIP1的Ser-19残基以调节其稳定性。GhMPK7诱导的GhSDIRIP1蛋白降解增加了干旱胁迫下的ABA信号强度。总体而言，我们的研究结果为ABA参与的耐旱性正向调控机制提供了见解，该机制由GhMPK7-GhSDIRIP1模块介导。这项研究拓展了我们对MAPK级联反应如何调节植物中ABA介导的耐旱性强度的认识，并推进了我们对磷酸化与泛素化之间相互作用的理解。
背景：癌症患者，无论处于早期还是晚期，都面临着影响其生活质量（QoL）的复杂生物 - 心理 - 社会 - 精神问题。“管理癌症并活得有意义”（CALM）疗法是一种心理治疗方法，可帮助癌症患者在生活中找到希望和意义，从而提高生活质量。 目的：本研究旨在严格评估CALM疗法对癌症患者生活质量的影响。 设计：这是一项对随机对照试验（RCT）的系统评价和荟萃分析。 方法：主要结局是生活质量，次要结局是焦虑、抑郁、精神幸福感、疲劳和睡眠质量。检索了五个英文数据库（PubMed、Embase、Scopus、Cochrane图书馆和ProQuest）以及一个试验注册网站（Clinicaltrial.gov），从其创建到2024年3月。使用随机效应模型计算合并效应量，并表示为标准化均数差（SMD）或加权均数差（WMD）。使用Review Manager 5.4进行数据分析。通过一次排除一项试验进行敏感性分析，以检查生活质量结果的一致性。该研究方案已在PROSPERO（CRD42023398655）上进行前瞻性注册。 结果：15项试验符合系统评价的纳入标准，12项符合荟萃分析的纳入标准，共有1635名癌症患者。与常规护理相比，CALM疗法在生活质量（SMD = 1.97）、精神幸福感（WMD = 1.93）和睡眠质量（SMD = -1.56）方面显示出显著益处。它还显著降低了焦虑（SMD = -1.94）、抑郁（SMD = -1.28）和疲劳（SMD = -5.86）。敏感性分析证实，逐一剔除每项试验时这些结果的稳定性。 结论：CALM疗法可能改善癌症患者的生活质量、精神幸福感、睡眠质量，并缓解焦虑、抑郁和疲劳。 与临床实践的相关性：这种疗法应作为癌症护理中的一种综合心理治疗方法在临床上推广。 注册：CRD42023398655
引言：远程医疗在提供高质量医疗服务、改善患者就医机会和降低发病率方面已显示出益处。在耳鼻喉科手术中，近期由于包括内镜耳镜检查和无 boothless 听力测定等技术进步以及新冠疫情的推动，远程医疗有了显著增长，但对于准确的远程诊断所需的最少数据仍存在不确定性。 方法：邀请了一组耳科学、听力学、全科医学和视听前庭医学专家，并进行了文献综述，以使用基于网络的软件 Welphi 为德尔菲法第一轮确定候选数据集项目。随后又进行了两轮，两轮之间进行了受控的匿名项目评分和定性反馈。最后，召开了一次共识会议，对结果进行分析和整理，以传播最终的共识结果。 结果：在第一轮中使用了 70 项研究来编制问卷。34 位多学科专家小组成员在三轮德尔菲法中确定了最终的数据项目。专家们在英国 16 个以上不同的中心工作。所有轮次的平均回复率为 94%。 讨论：本研究强调了多学科团队对于有效的远程耳部评估的基本数据集的共识。由于国民保健服务（NHS）的候诊名单达到历史最高水平，远程评估能力可以减轻压力并改善患者护理。这项举措将有助于设计新的服务和流程，旨在确保所有患者，无论身在何处，都能获得高质量的耳部评估。我们还希望这个标准化的数据集也将促进对远程耳部服务的研究和审核。
以通用甲基供体S-腺苷甲硫氨酸（SAM）为核心的一碳（C）代谢，在植物和微生物的生物合成、氧化还原调节及应激反应中发挥着关键作用。最近提出的一条光合碳途径将SAM甲基基团直接与核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶（RuBisCO）介导的CO₂同化联系起来，并与氮和硫代谢整合。光依赖的SAM合成可能调节生物聚合物和特殊代谢物的甲基化，并有助于减轻高温和干旱条件下的光呼吸应激。对两种核心酶的系统发育分析表明，从甲基营养微生物到陆地植物存在进化连续性，支持通过内共生基因转移的微生物起源。除了细胞内作用外，碳代谢还通过甲烷、甲醇、甲酸和甲醛等气体以及通过SAM甲基化合成的众多特殊挥发物驱动生物圈与大气的交换。S-甲基甲硫氨酸是一种可移动的碳代谢物，可能介导还原态硫、氮和甲基的韧皮部运输，连接植物地上和地下的碳循环。实时气体传感技术的进步现在能够高频定量测定叶片、茎和土壤中的碳通量，突出了碳代谢作为陆地碳和养分循环中一个关键但未得到充分认识的组成部分。鉴于其微生物起源以及产生多种挥发性生物特征，碳代谢也可能为生命起源和系外行星上生物特征的探测提供独特见解。
AIMS: To determine in patients with clinical and radiological N0 necks in primary parotid carcinoma: (1) Rate of occult node positivity post-neck dissection. (2) Outcomes following elective neck dissection ± radiotherapy. (3) Factors predicting recurrence and mortality following treatment. METHODS: A retrospective study on patients diagnosed with malignant neoplasm of the parotid between January 2007 and December 2018 from three UK tertiary centres. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-four patients were identified. 6% (4/62) of patients who underwent neck dissection for radiologically N0 neck had positive lymph nodes. There was no statistically significant feature associated with recurrence and disease-related mortality, but recurrence was associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR 1.444). CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated a low rate of occult nodal disease in N0 parotid malignancy and suggests that high-grade disease has a higher risk of nodal disease and recurrence. These patients may benefit from elective neck treatment, but more prospective data is required.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the latent profiles and correlates of self-management behaviours in Chinese rheumatoid arthritis patients and the effects of different latent profiles on the quality of life of rheumatoid arthritis patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was used to study rheumatoid arthritis patients. The five dimensions of the Rheumatoid Self-Management Competence Scale were used as exogenous indicators for potential categorisation, and the effects of potential categorisation were analysed by mixed regression to explore the effects of different categorisations on quality of life. RESULTS: Self-management behaviours of rheumatoid arthritis patients were classified into three latent profiles: low self-management daily life management group (25.7%), medium self-management medical behaviour management group (57.3%) and high self-management daily life management group (17.0%). Age, literacy level, per capita monthly income, joint functional status, self-efficacy, health literacy, disease perception level and social support were significant correlates of self-management status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Patients in the 'high self-management daily life management group' reported the best quality of life, while those in the 'low self-management daily life management group' reported the worst quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: There was significant heterogeneity in self-management skills among rheumatoid arthritis patients. Healthcare professionals should develop personalised interventions based on self-management profiles in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in order to enhance patients' self-management ability and improve their quality of life. IMPLICATIONS: Few studies have discussed the differences in the various dimensions of rheumatoid self-management levels, and self-management care measures need to be improved for different levels of self-management. This study categorised the level of self-management in rheumatoid arthritis patients into three profiles. The results of this study may provide more personalised interventions for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. REPORTING METHOD: The study adhered to the STROBE checklist. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: The subjects of the study were outpatient rheumatoid arthritis patients. Prior to the survey, patients were informed about the purpose of the study, informed consent was given to them and signed and they filled out the questionnaire independently. For patients who were unable to fill out the questionnaire, the study members explained it objectively to them and helped them select the appropriate option.
Streptococcus iniae is one of the key etiological agents of Streptococcosis and is a significant pathogen affecting four-finger Threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum), leading to severe clinical manifestations, such as ascitic fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity and intestinal haemorrhages. Understanding the interplay between fish infections, gut microbiota dysbiosis and immune responses is critical for effective management in aquaculture. This study investigates the impact of the acute infection caused by S. iniae on the gut microbiome composition and immune response of Threadfin fish. Following experimental infection, we observed significant differences in taxonomic richness and diversity between healthy and infected fish during the acute phase of the disease. The gut microbiota was primarily dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Notably, infection led to a marked decline in microbiota richness and diversity in the gut, accompanied by an increase in the relative abundance of pathogenic genera such as Streptococcus and Vibrio. Immune modulation, as evidenced by altered gene expression of selected immune parameters, was observed in tissue samples following clinical infection. Also, histological examinations revealed significant disruptions to intestinal villi architecture in infected fish. These findings suggest that S. iniae alters the gut microbiota composition, which may compromise immune function and elevate the risk of intestinal inflammation. This research underscores the importance of monitoring gut microbiota dynamics as a potential diagnostic tool for managing bacterial infections in aquaculture settings.
Currently, diagnosis of gas bubble disease (GBD) in fish relies on visual observations of bubbles in various body parts and exophthalmus. These observations lack quantified information about gas bubble load, limiting their diagnostic value. This study evaluated the suitability of existing and novel diagnostic tools for detecting GBD in Atlantic salmon exposed to supersaturation induced by pressure reduction. Existing methods were complemented with semi-quantitative scoring models of gas bubbles or tissue damages and tested for their potential diagnostic value. Additionally, methods commonly used for diagnosis of GBD in humans, such as detection of gas bubbles in blood using ultrasound, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) concentration and haematological parameters, were tested for their suitability for salmon. This study demonstrated that semi-quantification of gas bubbles using ultrasound was the most reliable method to evaluate the risk of developing acute GBD and to determine whether it is the cause of mortality. The findings suggest that the other assessed methods are unreliable for detecting acute GBD in fish.
Anisakis spp. is a notable fish parasite linked to foodborne diseases, representing a significant public health concern in Indonesia. Despite various reports from different regions indicating fluctuating prevalence levels of Anisakis spp. in diverse fish species in Indonesia, the overarching national prevalence remains uncertain. This study aimed to estimate the overall prevalence of Anisakis spp. infection among Indonesian fish. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across six online databases, and articles were screened based on predefined inclusion criteria. A total of 65 studies fit the inclusion criteria with an average quality assessment score of 7.23 ± 1.77. The overall pooled prevalence of Anisakis spp. infection in fish in Indonesia was 32.63% (95% CI, 25.44%-40.73%). Subgroup analyses conducted based on province, sample origin, ecological niche and fish genus revealed no statistically significant differences. Meta-regression indicated no significant changes in infection rates over time (p-value: 0.44). The study also confirmed the absence of publication bias. In conclusion, the overall prevalence of Anisakis spp. infection is relatively high and poses a potential health risk related to fish consumption, warranting further epidemiological research into its impact on human health.
干燥对苔藓植物光合作用的影响尚不清楚。我们利用一项长达20年的实验，量化了长期水位下降（WLD）对苔藓植物光合作用、微生物群落组成、分解作用以及环境变量之间联系的影响。利用宏条形码和定量聚合酶链反应研究了光合自养微生物的群落结构。微生物光合作用通过光合作用效率（φPSII）和通过光系统II的最大电子传递速率（ETR）来衡量。苔藓植物光合作用使用红外气体通量分析仪进行测量。绿藻门、蓝细菌门和褐藻门是所有研究区域中占主导地位的光合自养门类，但群落对水位下降有特定地点的响应。在贫养沼泽中，水位下降增加了微生物和苔藓植物的光合作用。土壤磷浓度、φPSII和绿藻门丰度促进了ETR，而蓝细菌门丰度、深水位、土壤硫浓度和分解作用促进了苔藓植物光合作用。在未排水区域，高丰度的蓝细菌促进了土壤氮浓度，从而促进了光合作用。在水位下降区域，这些联系消失了，但苔藓植物光合作用直接受益于水位下降。我们的研究证实，光合自养微生物，尤其是蓝细菌和绿藻，是原始北方泥炭地苔藓植物光合作用的重要贡献者。此外，干燥后苔藓植物光合作用的增加可能抵消分解作用增加导致的碳损失，但这取决于地点特征。
花寿命（FL）对授粉的可塑性使植物能够在不利的授粉条件下最大限度地增加花粉接收和输出的机会，同时在有利条件下将成本降至最低，这在植物授粉中起着至关重要的作用。然而，被子植物中花寿命可塑性（FLP）的普遍程度仍不清楚。利用来自188个物种的397组比较的花寿命数据，我们首次对FLP进行了全球跨物种量化，并评估了其与一系列生物和非生物因素的关联。与自然授粉条件相比，补充授粉或人工异花授粉使花寿命显著缩短了21.39%，而排除传粉者则使其延长了34.66%。FLP不受系统发育的限制。在传粉者条件往往不足的较高海拔地区，开放授粉下的植物花寿命更长。此外，发现可塑性是特定性状的，在具有高构建和维护成本的物种以及那些容易受到花粉限制的物种中观察到更大的可塑性。此外，在较高温度、更严重的干旱条件和更大的气候变异性下，FLP更大。我们的研究结果表明，可塑性调节花寿命的能力在被子植物中广泛存在，这可能对植物应对全球变化产生影响。
背景：探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者的沉思性思维与呼吸灾难化之间的关系具有极其重要的意义。然而，自我效能感对这种关系的影响仍不明确。本研究试图探讨自我效能感在沉思性思维与呼吸灾难化之间的中介作用。 设计：按照《加强流行病学观察性研究报告规范》（STROBE）指南进行横断面研究报告。 方法：本研究于2024年11月10日至2025年1月25日进行，纳入225例患者。使用有效且可靠的工具收集数据，包括沉思反应量表（RRS）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病自我效能量表（CSES）和呼吸灾难化量表（BCS）。此外，使用IBM SPSS v28.0软件探讨中介效应。 结果：大多数患者的BCS得分处于中高水平。RRS和CSES得分与BCS显著相关。中介效应分析表明，沉思性思维对呼吸灾难化有直接预测作用。此外，沉思性思维还可通过自我效能感的中介间接预测呼吸灾难化。直接效应占总效应的64.4%。 结论：本研究表明，自我效能感在沉思性思维与呼吸灾难化之间的关系中起部分中介作用。具体而言，陷入沉思性思维的患者更容易出现呼吸灾难化加剧的情况，但这种关系会因他们的自我效能感水平而得到缓解。 对专业和/或患者护理的启示：这一发现凸显了该人群中慢性阻塞性肺疾病身体症状所伴随的重大心理负担。护士在管理老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者时必须采取整体方法。 患者或公众贡献：纳入了呼吸内科住院的老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病自愿患者参与本研究。
目的：近期卒中发病率有所上升，导致大多数患者出现功能障碍。增强现实（AR）常作为一种交互式和重复性技术用于促进功能康复。因此，本研究旨在考察AR对卒中康复效果的现有证据。 设计：系统评价并进行荟萃分析。 数据来源：截至2024年12月1日，通过医学主题词（MeSH）和“卒中”“增强现实”等关键词检索了包括PubMed、Medline、CINAHL、Web of Science、Scopus、Embase和Cochrane在内的七个电子数据库。 方法：采用Cochrane偏倚风险工具评估潜在偏倚。使用datastata15.0软件和TSA v0.9软件进行荟萃分析和试验序贯分析。 结果：在系统评价中检索到11项研究，在荟萃分析中检索到8项研究。AR训练组的伯格平衡量表（BBS）得分显著高于传统训练组。第六项研究的Z值曲线越过了传统和TSA边界值。亚组分析显示，与家庭干预相比，在医院进行干预时BBS受到的影响更大。AR训练组和传统训练组的计时起立行走测试（TUG）得分和10米步行测试（10MWT）得分相似。 结论：AR技术有利于卒中患者下肢平衡功能的康复。然而由于试验数量不足，仍需进一步探索和验证。 对专业和/或患者护理的意义：研究结果为在卒中患者康复干预中应用AR提供了临床参考。 影响：本文有助于护士在卒中患者的康复训练过程中，为其制定个性化康复计划、实施康复、提供健康教育及开展其他方面的工作，为患者提供全面支持与帮助，促进患者功能恢复，提高生活质量。 报告方法：PRISMA指南。 试验和方案注册：PROSPERO编号：CRD42024533761。 患者或公众贡献：MJEditor（www.mjeditor.com）在本稿件撰写过程中提供了英文编辑服务。
背景：目的是创建一个专门为突发性聋患者设计的症状评估量表，然后评估其信效度。 方法：采用文献回顾和半结构式访谈来创建基于症状体验模型的量表条目池。经过两轮专家审议，确定了第一版量表。最初的30项调查问卷提供了症状严重程度的描述性定义和参考标准。160例患者完成了问卷，但排除了7例不符合要求的患者，对2022年3月至2023年9月间在镇江市某三级医院耳鼻喉科符合标准的153例患者进行调查，以评估该量表的效度和信度。 结果：突发性聋患者症状群组评估量表包括三个维度，共13个条目。这些维度包括耳部症状群组，由5个条目组成；全身症状群组，由5个条目组成；心身症状群组，由3个条目组成。通过进行探索性因素分析，我们能够识别出三个共同成分，它们共占方差的57.780%。验证性因素分析表明该模型具有良好的拟合度。该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.942，表明内部一致性较高。 结论：经验证的量表为临床医生和护士提供了一个可靠的工具，用于系统评估突发性聋患者的症状负担。将其纳入临床实践可以为针对性的护理干预提供依据，如症状监测和心理社会支持，同时有助于制定个性化的管理计划。这增强了以患者为中心的护理，并有助于改善该人群的临床结局。
AIM: To review primary research reporting the inclusion of informal carers in caring for older people in the emergency department. DESIGN: An integrative review employing Whittemore and Knafl's updated integrative review methodology. METHODS: A systematic search was undertaken between November 2023 and September 2024. Ten articles met the inclusion criteria of primary research reporting the inclusion of carers in the care of older adults in the emergency department. Exclusion criteria included studies conducted outside of the emergency department, not carer-related, and those not restricted to carers of older adults. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality of the articles. DATA SOURCES: Medline @ Ovid, EBSCO, Wiley Online Library, Cochrane, EMBASE and SCOPUS. RESULTS: Thematic analysis produced two reoccurring themes: Carers as advocates and Carers as outsiders. Through sharing of information and support of the older adult, carers can act as advocates. Restrictive admission policies, exclusion from decision-making processes, and failure to be heard by the healthcare professional resulted in carers feeling like outsiders. CONCLUSION: Including carers is essential to support the care of vulnerable older adults in the emergency department. Care partnerships between healthcare professionals and carers can be enhanced with education on effective and respectful communication processes and support of carer well-being. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: This review highlights the essential nature of care partnerships involving informal carers in the emergency department for providing high-quality care to older adults with complex care needs. An appropriate carer inclusion programme could support emergency department clinicians, carers and older adults. REPORTING METHOD: The PRISMA 2020 checklist was used to ensure adherence to review processes. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.
Aquaculture is one of the most important food sectors, providing nutrition and employment throughout the world. However, production is under threat due to the occurrence of pathogens. Aeromonas spp. are bacterial agents that affect the aquaculture industry, including rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms, causing severe economic losses. The objective of this study was to characterise several isolates of Aeromonas spp. obtained from rainbow trout in Junín, Peru. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of four species: A. sobria (n = 12), A. salmonicida (n = 3), A. popoffii (n = 2), and A. media (n = 1). Biochemical characterisation revealed that several isolates tolerated 3% NaCl, with only A. salmonicida surviving in 4% NaCl. Virulence factor analysis demonstrated increased virulence at higher temperatures for A. sobria, while A. popoffii exhibited virulence in colder conditions. A. media displayed limited virulence properties, while A. salmonicida was consistently virulent across all temperatures. Aeromonas salmonicida isolates exhibited intense and prolonged motility-a behaviour rarely associated with this species-that persisted across a broad temperature range from 14°C to 37°C. The virulence genes aer, fla, ahyB, lip, act, ser, hly and altA were present in all A. salmonicida isolates, with both A. popoffii isolates lacking only the fla gene. Experimental infection resulted in mortality of up to 100% for A. salmonicida (7.2 × 10 and 7.2 × 10 CFU/fish), 40% for A. sobria (4 × 10 CFU/fish), and 20% for A. popoffii (4 × 10 CFU/fish). No direct relation was found between specific gene presence or combinations thereof and mortality. Our findings highlight the need to develop effective management strategies, including the development of a multivalent vaccine to enhance Peruvian trout aquaculture sustainability.
AIM: To validate the psychometric properties of the Paediatric-Friendly Care Assessment Scale in the Emergency Department (PFCAS-ED) among clinical nurses. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: A total of 463 emergency nurses participated in the study between May and September 2023. The participants were randomly divided into two groups to assess the psychometric properties of the PFCAS-ED, including its reliability, construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis on data from the first group revealed six components of the PFCAS-ED: paediatric/adolescent timely care and resources, child protection mechanisms and safety, paediatric emergency care competency training and practice, paediatric emergency consultation information and space, paediatric crisis management and response, and a harmless environment and actions for toddlers. These factors explained 69.408% of the total variance and exhibited strong internal consistency. This six-factor structure and its 28 items were further validated using confirmatory factor analysis on data from the second group, yielding satisfactory fit indices and convergent and discriminant validity. Additionally, the scale exhibited excellent 2-week test-retest reliability and criterion-related validity. CONCLUSION: The PFCAS-ED had excellent psychometric properties when used with clinical nurses and was proven to be a reliable instrument for evaluating emergency nurses' perceptions of the importance of providing paediatric-friendly care to children and their families. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND PATIENT CARE: This standardised scale enables nurses to assess their perceptions of the importance of paediatric-friendly care and design targeted interventions on the basis of available resources. Additionally, hospital administrators can use the PFCAS-ED to identify priorities, strengths, and areas requiring improvement in paediatric emergency care, thereby informing the development of effective strategies and comprehensive policies. REPORTING METHOD: This study adhered to the STROBE guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public involvement.
AIM(S): To analyse the risk factors for central venous catheter-related infections in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) patients, construct a risk prediction model and propose preventive strategies to reduce infection rates and improve patient outcomes. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify risk factors and develop a predictive model for central venous catheter-associated infections in PICU patients. METHODS: Clinical data from 312 PICU patients with central venous catheters hospitalised between September 2020 and August 2022 were retrospectively analysed. Patients were divided into an infection group (55 cases) and a no-infection group (257 cases). Univariate analysis identified potential risk factors, and multivariate logistic regression was used to construct a predictive model. The model's performance was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves and decision curve analysis. RESULTS: The incidence of central venous catheter-related infections in PICU patients was 17.26%. Prolonged catheter retention and repeated catheterisation were identified as independent risk factors, while heparin sealing and increased frequency of auxiliary material changes were protective factors. The predictive model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.793, demonstrating good accuracy and clinical utility. CONCLUSION: The risk prediction model for central venous catheter-associated infections in PICU patients is simple, accurate and clinically valuable. It supports early identification of high-risk patients and informs targeted preventive measures to reduce infection rates and improve patient outcomes.
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 survivors may experience complex, distressing and persistent symptoms, referred to as long COVID, lasting months or years after diagnosis. More evidence is needed for effective long COVID screening and management. AIM: To explore the clinical profile of long COVID and factors associated with its development. DESIGN: A multicentre correlational study using a cross-sectional design. METHODS: Adults diagnosed with COVID-19 6-9 months earlier were recruited via social media and referrals from three facilities. Participants provided demographic data and assessed their symptoms and functional status using validated questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and binomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Among 102 participants, 13%-30% reported significant impairments in cognitive, emotional and physical functioning. Over 10% experienced symptoms such as diarrhoea, sleep problems, dyspnoea, nausea, fatigue and pain. These impairments and symptoms were associated with acute symptom severity, chronic disease, overweight status, regular exercise and living without partners. CONCLUSION: This study adds to the literature by examining long-term functional status and symptoms in omicron survivors using comprehensive, validated tools. The findings highlight the prevalence and clinical significance of long COVID symptoms, aiding in the identification of functional impairments requiring medical and nursing interventions. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND PATIENT CARE: Nurses should recognise these symptoms and educate survivors about potential challenges. Policies addressing long-term issues, including research, health services and education, are essential. REPORTING METHOD: This study follows the STROBE guideline (Table S1). PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Patients self-reported symptoms for this study. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05303103).
目的：本回顾性研究旨在建立一种方便有效的在线动态列线图，用于预测鼻咽癌（NPC）的无进展生存期（PFS）。 方法：回顾性收集106例经病理确诊的NPC患者的临床和影像特征。进行单因素和多因素Cox比例风险回归分析，以选择独立预后因素并构建预测1年、3年和5年PFS的列线图。通过一致性指数（C指数）、校准曲线和决策曲线分析（DCA）评估列线图的预测有效性和临床实用性。根据列线图的风险评分将患者分为不同组，通过Kaplan-Meier曲线比较这两组的PFS率。 结果：单因素和多因素分析表明，基线时的表观扩散系数（ADC）（OR 0.177，95%CI 0.068-0.464）、结外肿瘤扩散（ENS）（OR 3.662，95%CI 1.495-8.968）和淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值（LMR）（OR 2.688，95%CI 1.094-6.607）是NPC的独立预后因素，所有p<0.05。列线图显示出良好的预测性能（C指数=0.795）。预测1年、3年和5年PFS的列线图的受试者操作特征曲线（AUC）下面积分别为0.792、0.849和0.822，优于美国癌症联合委员会（AJCC）第8版TNM分期系统（AUC=0.592、0.543和0.575）。此外，列线图能很好地区分低风险和高风险组的PFS率（p<0.0001）。 结论：基于ADC、ENS和LMR的在线动态列线图可将NPC患者分为不同风险组，其预测效率优于TNM分期系统。
淋巴囊肿病病毒（LCDV）是全球影响多种硬骨鱼的最广泛致病因子之一。据文献记载，LCDV包括四个种，其中副鲈淋巴囊肿病毒1（称为LCDV-C）长期以来一直被视为中国大陆主要的全国性流行分离株。在本研究中，从2023年4月初开始监测了中国南方珠海咸淡水养殖的幼体花鲈中两起与LCDV相关的严重大规模死亡事件。这两起病例的死亡人数分别在每天约4000尾和10000尾鱼时达到峰值，在疾病爆发后的19天内累计死亡率达到约70%。根据临床症状、组织病理学分析和透射电子显微镜观察，这些疾病被诊断为LCDV感染。使用鳜鱼苗（MFF-1）细胞系分离出病毒，并命名为LCDV-ZH04/23。随后，对LCDV-ZH04/23进行了初步纯化，并对其全基因组进行了测序和注释。结果表明，ZH04/23由102,661个碱基对组成，编码108个推定的病毒基因，G/C含量为29.3%。基因组共线性分析表明，ZH04/23的全基因组与来自欧洲的著名的鲽淋巴囊肿病毒1（LCDV-1）具有最高的相似性（99.9%），但与其他三种LCDV种存在显著差异。总体而言，本研究标志着首次从中国池塘养殖的花鲈严重大规模死亡病例中在全基因组水平上分离和鉴定了鲽淋巴囊肿病毒1。此外，这也是首次将鲽淋巴囊肿病毒1鉴定为养殖花鲈中的一种新兴病原体。
背景：筋膜拉伸作为一种潜在的疼痛管理干预措施正受到越来越多的关注。然而，关于慢性下腰痛（CLBP）患者背阔肌-胸腰筋膜（LD-TLF）复合体拉伸效果的证据仍然有限。因此，本研究旨在探讨LD-TLF复合体拉伸对CLBP患者疼痛相关因素和功能障碍的影响。 方法：30例CLBP患者被随机分为研究组（n = 15；7例男性，8例女性）和对照组（n = 15；7例男性，8例女性）。研究组接受为期4周的LD-TLF复合体拉伸联合传统物理治疗，而对照组仅接受传统物理治疗。在干预前后评估结果，包括胸腰筋膜水平（L1、L3和第12肋）疼痛压力阈值（PPT）的主要测量指标，次要测量指标包括疼痛敏感性问卷（PSQ）、通过简明疼痛量表（BPI）测量的疼痛对日常活动的影响，以及通过Oswestry功能障碍问卷（ODQ）评估的功能障碍。 结果：在L1、L3椎体和第12肋水平，研究组和对照组治疗前后的PPT存在显著差异。与治疗前阈值相比，治疗后阈值显著更高（p < 0.001，ηp = 0.67；p < 0.001，ηp = 0.61；p < 0.001，ηp = 0.74）。此外，与对照组相比，研究组的PSQ、BPI和ODQ评分有显著改善（p < 0.05）。 结论：本研究结果表明，对于CLBP患者，拉伸LD-TLF复合体可能是传统物理治疗方法的有益补充。具体而言，与单独使用传统物理治疗相比，LD-TLF复合体拉伸联合传统物理治疗似乎能提高疼痛阈值，降低疼痛敏感性和活动时的疼痛，以及减少CLBP患者的功能障碍。 意义声明：慢性下腰痛（CLBP）是一种多因素疾病，胸腰筋膜越来越被认为是一个潜在的促成因素。本研究表明，背阔肌-胸腰筋膜复合体拉伸联合传统物理治疗可提高CLBP患者的疼痛阈值，降低疼痛敏感性，并减少功能障碍。将特定于筋膜的干预措施纳入CLBP治疗方案可为患者和临床医生带来显著益处。
杂种优势在作物育种中对于提高产量、品质和环境适应性具有巨大潜力，这表明杂种在适应极端环境方面可能表现出更好的性能。然而，异源多倍体作物甘蓝型油菜（AACC，2n = 38）耐盐杂种优势的表观遗传机制，尤其是染色质可及性，在很大程度上仍未得到探索。我们研究了甘蓝型油菜杂交过程中盐胁迫处理时间进程内染色质可及性和转录重编程的动态变化。我们观察到表观遗传和转录调控在植物抗性中的重要性。在盐胁迫处理的短时间内，染色质可及性和转录组迅速发生变化。由于表观遗传聚集和遗传互补作用，杂种比亲本拥有更易接近的染色质和更活跃的转录组。更广泛、更灵活的基因组资源使杂种能够优先利用有利等位基因来适应盐胁迫。同时，杂种中这些盐胁迫响应基因发挥了各种杂种优势效应，其中非加性遗传效应，包括完全显性、部分显性和超显性效应，在盐胁迫适应中起关键作用。我们的结果从表观遗传学角度扩展了杂种优势假说，并强调了遗传和表观遗传因素的综合作用如何使杂种更好地耐受盐胁迫。
微藻被认为是镉生物吸附材料的一个有前途的候选者。然而，它们对镉的抗性背后的机制仍不清楚。在这里，我们发现了原壳小球藻的一种脂滴（LD）蛋白钙结合蛋白调节微藻对镉的耐受性。在镉胁迫下，ApCaleosin的表达水平显著增加。ApCaleosin过表达菌株对镉的敏感性降低，而ApCaleosin基因敲低则导致敏感性增加。此外，ApCaleosin作为一种过氧合酶，通过在大肠杆菌中的异源表达来减轻氧化应激，这是一个钙依赖的过程。此外，通过在酵母敲除菌株中补充ApCaleosin，我们发现ApCaleosin可以促进脂滴数量的增加，从而包裹更多的镉离子并降低细胞内镉的毒性。这些发现揭示了微藻对镉抗性的具体机制，为提高生物修复效率提供了新的前景。
非细胞自主信号传导是一种在整个生命之树中维持干细胞的机制。在植物中，许多干细胞群体受与CLAVATA3相关的肽配体调控，这些肽配体从一种细胞类型分泌出来，并与相邻细胞类型中与CLAVATA1相关的质膜定位受体激酶的富含亮氨酸重复结构域结合。CLAVATA1样受体的激活随后会引发一系列调节干细胞命运的事件。维管形成层，即木质部和韧皮部起源的分生组织，在这方面并无不同。在这里，管状分子分化因子（TDIF）肽从韧皮部细胞分泌出来，并与木质部间插韧皮部（PXY）受体激酶结合，这反过来又会激活一系列影响木质部和韧皮部产生的因子。2016年，我们回顾了描述与TDIF和PXY相互作用的信号成分、植物激素和转录因子的文献。在此期间，我们对这些相互作用的理解有了显著进展，在这里我们提供一个更新，描述TDIF和PXY如何在促进生长的同时维持它们所调控的干细胞群体中的模式。
Rab GTP 酶是囊泡运输的关键调节因子，不仅在活性和非活性形式之间转换，还在供体/驻留膜和靶膜之间循环，这一过程受包括鸟嘌呤核苷酸解离抑制剂（RabGDIs）在内的多种因子调节，其在植物中的功能尚不清楚。通过反向遗传学方法，我们证明拟南芥 RabGDIs 冗余介导雄性育性，以至于 RabGDIs 的功能丧失会损害花粉发育、萌发以及花粉管的定向生长。通过结合细胞和药理学方法，我们证明 RabGDIs 不仅对 Rab GTP 酶在分泌途径而且在液泡途径中的靶向定位至关重要。由于 RabGDIs 的功能丧失，液泡运输调节因子如 Rab5 和 Rab7 GTP 酶会错误地靶向到花粉管的顶端质膜，这暗示 RabGDIs 在将 Rab GTP 酶最初靶向到其供体/驻留膜方面也具有特定门类的作用。
