Teichman J M, Vassar G J, Yates J T, Angle B N, Johnson A J, Dirks M S, Thompson I M
Division of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA.
J Urol. 1999 Mar;161(3):874-80.
Laser safety considerations require urologists to wear laser eye protection. Laser eye protection devices block transmittance of specific light wavelengths and may distort color perception. We tested whether urologists risk color confusion when wearing laser eye protection devices for laser soft tissue applications.
Subjects were tested with the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test without (controls) and with laser eye protection devices for carbon dioxide, potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP), neodymium (Nd):YAG and holmium:YAG lasers. Color deficits were characterized by error scores, polar graphs, confusion angles, confusion index, scatter index and color axes. Laser eye protection device spectral transmittance was tested with spectrophotometry.
Mean total error scores plus or minus standard deviation were 13+/-5 for controls, and 44+/-31 for carbon dioxide, 273+/-26 for KTP, 22+/-6 for Nd:YAG and 14+/-8 for holmium:YAG devices (p <0.001). The KTP laser eye protection polar graphs, and confusion and scatter indexes revealed moderate blue-yellow and red-green color confusion. Color axes indicated no significant deficits for controls, or carbon dioxide, Nd:YAG or holmium:YAG laser eye protection in any subject compared to blue-yellow color vision deficits in 8 of 8 tested with KTP laser eye protection (p <0.001). Spectrophotometry demonstrated that light was blocked with laser eye protection devices for carbon dioxide less than 380, holmium:YAG greater than 850, Nd:YAG less than 350 and greater than 950, and KTP less than 550 and greater than 750 nm.
The laser eye protection device for KTP causes significant blue-yellow and red-green color confusion. Laser eye protection devices for carbon dioxide, holmium:YAG and Nd:YAG cause no significant color confusion compared to controls. The differences are explained by laser eye protection spectrophotometry characteristics and visual physiology.
激光安全考量要求泌尿外科医生佩戴激光护目镜。激光护目镜可阻挡特定光波长的透射，且可能会扭曲颜色感知。我们测试了泌尿外科医生在进行激光软组织手术时佩戴激光护目镜是否存在颜色混淆风险。
受试者分别在不佩戴（对照组）以及佩戴用于二氧化碳、磷酸钛钾（KTP）、钕（Nd）:钇铝石榴石和钬:钇铝石榴石激光的激光护目镜的情况下，接受法恩斯沃思-芒塞尔100色调测试。颜色缺陷通过误差分数、极坐标图、混淆角、混淆指数、散射指数和颜色轴来表征。使用分光光度法测试激光护目镜的光谱透射率。
对照组的平均总误差分数±标准差为13±5，二氧化碳激光护目镜组为44±31，KTP激光护目镜组为273±26，Nd:钇铝石榴石激光护目镜组为22±6，钬:钇铝石榴石激光护目镜组为14±8（p<0.001）。KTP激光护目镜的极坐标图以及混淆和散射指数显示出中度的蓝黄和红绿颜色混淆。颜色轴表明，与8名佩戴KTP激光护目镜的受试者均出现蓝黄颜色视觉缺陷相比，对照组以及佩戴二氧化碳、Nd:钇铝石榴石或钬:钇铝石榴石激光护目镜的任何受试者均未出现明显缺陷（p<0.001）。分光光度法表明，二氧化碳激光护目镜可阻挡波长小于380nm的光，钬:钇铝石榴石激光护目镜可阻挡波长大于850nm的光，Nd:钇铝石榴石激光护目镜可阻挡波长小于350nm和大于950nm的光，KTP激光护目镜可阻挡波长小于550nm和大于750nm的光。
KTP激光护目镜会导致明显的蓝黄和红绿颜色混淆。与对照组相比，二氧化碳、钬:钇铝石榴石和Nd:钇铝石榴石激光护目镜不会导致明显的颜色混淆。这些差异可通过激光护目镜的分光光度法特性和视觉生理学来解释。
