Mauriello J A, Lee H J, Nguyen L
Department of Ophthalmology, UMD-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA.
Radiol Clin North Am. 1999 Jan;37(1):241-52, xii. doi: 10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70090-7.
Complex orbital rim and fractures of the internal orbital skeleton (orbital walls) are best analyzed by high-resolution axial CT. Optic canal fractures are optimally visualized with thin 1-mm section high-resolution CT scanning. Spiral CT may be used in the acutely injured patient because of its rapid scan technique. This spiral technique provides smooth data sets for three-dimensional reformations and may demonstrate foreign bodies in more than one plane. Another advantage of spiral CT is the capability of CT angiography. MR imaging usually is not the initial modality for the assessment of orbital trauma, but it is helpful in evaluating vascular injuries such as carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas or post-traumatic pseudoaneurysms. In general, CT with contrast injection is not necessary except when traumatic vascular anomalies, such as carotid cavernous, dural fistulas, or thrombosis of the superior ophthalmic vein, are considered in the differential diagnosis.
复杂的眶缘及眶内骨骼（眶壁）骨折最好通过高分辨率轴向CT进行分析。视神经管骨折通过1毫米薄层高分辨率CT扫描能得到最佳的可视化效果。螺旋CT因其快速扫描技术可用于急性受伤患者。这种螺旋技术为三维重建提供了平滑的数据集，并且可以在多个平面显示异物。螺旋CT的另一个优点是具有CT血管造影的能力。磁共振成像通常不是评估眼眶外伤的首选方式，但有助于评估血管损伤，如颈动脉海绵窦瘘或创伤后假性动脉瘤。一般来说，除非在鉴别诊断中考虑到创伤性血管异常，如颈动脉海绵窦瘘、硬脑膜瘘或眼上静脉血栓形成，否则不需要注射造影剂进行CT检查。
