尿石症的风险因素和保护因素。它们是什么意思？

Risk and protective factors for urolithiasis. What do they mean?

作者信息

Osborne C A, Lulich J P

机构信息

Minnesota Urolith Center, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA.

出版信息

Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1999 Jan;29(1):39-43, x. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(99)50003-x.

DOI:10.1016/s0195-5616(99)50003-x

PMID:10028150

Abstract

The occurrence of urolithiasis in companion animals is associated with several risk and protective factors. Case control studies are commonly designed to study the relationship between naturally occurring urolithiasis and risk factors. However, case control studies are subject to limitations, biases, and confounding variables; they do not prove cause and effect relationships. Likewise, just because two events occur in consecutive order does not prove a cause and effect relationship.

摘要

伴侣动物尿石症的发生与多种风险因素和保护因素相关。病例对照研究通常旨在研究自然发生的尿石症与风险因素之间的关系。然而，病例对照研究存在局限性、偏差和混杂变量；它们并不能证明因果关系。同样，仅仅因为两个事件按连续顺序发生，并不证明存在因果关系。