Nikolić A, Baltzer A W, Krämer R, Liebau C
Orthopädische Klinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf.
Sportverletz Sportschaden. 1998 Dec;12(4):142-6.
A Prospective Study. Competitive figure skaters absolve a comprehensive training schedule. The musculoskeletal system of pair and single skaters have to tolerate enormous impacts, especially throughout landings after repetitive jumps. Intense training leads therefore to specific sports injuries and chromic overuse injuries of the ice skaters. Twenty-five skaters were studied. We concentrated on the different types and localisations of injuries and on the individual loss of training sessions resulting from these injuries. The results are based on questionnaires and a clinical examination of the athletes. Typical acute and chronic injuries in figure skating mainly manifest at the lower extremity. It is striking that the first symptoms often occur during the preseason and persist the complete season or even for several years. The significance of sport specific and not ice skating related influences with regard to injury susceptibility is explained. Methodical "off-ice-training" seems to be useful to prevent injuries resulting from physical dysbalances. Improvements of the skating boots might protect from typical high impact during the landings after repetitive jumps.
一项前瞻性研究。花样滑冰运动员要完成全面的训练计划。双人滑和单人滑运动员的肌肉骨骼系统必须承受巨大冲击，尤其是在反复跳跃后的着陆过程中。因此，高强度训练会导致花样滑冰运动员出现特定的运动损伤和慢性过度使用损伤。对25名滑冰运动员进行了研究。我们关注损伤的不同类型和部位，以及这些损伤导致的个人训练课缺失情况。研究结果基于对运动员的问卷调查和临床检查。花样滑冰中典型的急性和慢性损伤主要表现在下肢。值得注意的是，最初症状往往出现在季前赛期间，并持续整个赛季甚至数年。解释了与运动项目相关而非与花样滑冰相关的影响因素对受伤易感性的重要性。系统性的“冰上外训练”似乎有助于预防因身体失衡导致的损伤。改进滑冰靴可能会保护运动员在反复跳跃后的着陆过程中免受典型的高冲击力影响。
