Inglis F M, Moghaddam B
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA.
J Neurochem. 1999 Mar;72(3):1088-94. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0721088.x.
The amygdala has been implicated in the neuronal sequelae of stress, although little is known about the neurochemical mechanisms underlying amygdala transmission. In vivo microdialysis was employed to measure extracellular levels of dopamine in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala in awake rats. Once it was established that impulse-dependent release of dopamine could be measured reliably in the amygdala, the effect of stress, induced by mild handling, on amygdala dopamine release was compared with that in three other dopamine-innervated regions, the medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and caudate nucleus. The magnitude of increase in dopamine in response to the handling stimulus was significantly greater in the amygdala than in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex. This increase was maximal during the application of stress and diminished after the cessation of stress. In contrast, the increases in extracellular dopamine levels in other regions, in particular the nucleus accumbens, were prolonged, reaching maximal values after the cessation of stress. These results suggest that dopaminergic innervation of the amygdala may be more responsive to stress than that of other dopamine-innervated regions of the limbic system, including the prefrontal cortex, and implicate amygdalar dopamine in normal and pathophysiological processes subserving an organism's response to stress.
杏仁核与应激的神经元后遗症有关，尽管对杏仁核传递的神经化学机制了解甚少。采用体内微透析法测量清醒大鼠杏仁核基底外侧核细胞外多巴胺水平。一旦确定可以在杏仁核中可靠地测量依赖冲动释放的多巴胺，就将轻度处理诱导的应激对杏仁核多巴胺释放的影响与其他三个多巴胺支配区域，即内侧前额叶皮质、伏隔核和尾状核中的影响进行比较。杏仁核中对处理刺激的多巴胺增加幅度显著大于伏隔核和前额叶皮质。这种增加在应激施加期间最大，并在应激停止后减弱。相比之下，其他区域，特别是伏隔核中细胞外多巴胺水平的增加是持续的，在应激停止后达到最大值。这些结果表明，杏仁核的多巴胺能神经支配可能比边缘系统其他多巴胺支配区域，包括前额叶皮质，对应激更敏感，并表明杏仁核多巴胺在生物体对应激反应的正常和病理生理过程中起作用。
