Altwein J E, Neher M, Jacobi G H
Helv Chir Acta. 1978 Jul;45(3):359-63.
40 patients with vesico-intestinal fistulas (50% inflammatory, 30% traumatic, 20% neoplastic) were treated within 10 years. Closure was achieved in 97% of 31 patients operated on with curative intention. The remaining 9 patients had palliative surgery, i.e. colostomy or cystostomy. The decision single- or multiple-stage procedure depends upon the etiology, localization and extent of the fistula.
在10年期间，对40例膀胱-肠道瘘患者（50%为炎症性，30%为创伤性，20%为肿瘤性）进行了治疗。31例接受根治性手术的患者中，97%实现了瘘管闭合。其余9例患者接受了姑息性手术，即结肠造口术或膀胱造口术。采用单阶段还是多阶段手术取决于瘘管的病因、位置和范围。
