Ramakrishnan U, Martorell R, Schroeder D G, Flores R
Department of International Health, The Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
J Nutr. 1999 Feb;129(2S Suppl):544S-549S. doi: 10.1093/jn/129.2.544S.
Current knowledge on the role of intergenerational effects on linear growth is reviewed on the basis of a literature search and recent findings from an ongoing study in Guatemala. Fourteen studies were identified, most of which examined the intergenerational relationships in birth weight. Overall, for every 100 g increase in maternal birth weight, her child's birth weight increased by 10-20 g. The study samples were primarily from developed countries, and birth weight data were extracted from hospital records and/or birth registries. Among the few studies that examined associations between the adult heights of parents and their offspring, correlation coefficients of 0.42-0.5 were reported. None of the studies examined intergenerational relationships in birth length or linear growth patterns during early childhood, preadolescence and/or adolescence. Prospectively collected data from long-term studies being carried out in rural Guatemala provide the first evidence of intergenerational relationships in birth size in a developing country setting. Data were available for 215 mother-child pairs. Maternal birth size was a significant predictor (P < 0.05) of child's birth size after adjusting for gestational age and sex of the child and other potential confounders. Child's birth weight increased by 29 g/100 g increase in maternal birth weight which is nearly twice that reported in developed countries. Similarly, child's birth length increased by 0.2 cm for every 1 cm increase in mother's birth length. The effect of maternal birth weight remained significant even after adjusting for maternal adult size. More evidence from developing countries will help explain the underlying mechanisms and identify appropriate interventions to prevent growth retardation.
基于文献检索以及危地马拉一项正在进行的研究的最新发现，本文对代际效应在线性生长中所起作用的现有知识进行了综述。共检索到14项研究，其中大部分研究了出生体重的代际关系。总体而言，母亲出生体重每增加100克，其子女的出生体重增加10 - 20克。研究样本主要来自发达国家，出生体重数据从医院记录和/或出生登记处提取。在少数几项研究父母与子女成年身高之间关联的研究中，报告的相关系数为0.42 - 0.5。没有一项研究考察出生身长或儿童早期、青春期前和/或青春期线性生长模式的代际关系。在危地马拉农村进行的长期研究前瞻性收集的数据首次证明了在发展中国家环境中出生大小的代际关系。有215对母婴的数据可用。在调整了儿童的孕周、性别和其他潜在混杂因素后，母亲的出生大小是儿童出生大小的显著预测因素（P < 0.05）。母亲出生体重每增加100克，儿童出生体重增加29克，这几乎是发达国家报告值的两倍。同样，母亲出生身长每增加1厘米，儿童出生身长增加0.2厘米。即使在调整了母亲的成年身材后，母亲出生体重的影响仍然显著。来自发展中国家的更多证据将有助于解释潜在机制，并确定预防生长迟缓的适当干预措施。
