Kanit L, Yilmaz O, Taşkiran D, Balkan B, Furedy J J, Pöğün S
Ege University Center for Brain Research and School of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
Int J Neurosci. 1998 Dec;96(3-4):197-204. doi: 10.3109/00207459808986467.
We have recently reported an effect that shows a sexually dimorphic difference in cognitive style rather than ability. The preparation for potentially producing this proximal perceptual style effect is one where rats are first given 4-trial daily acquisition sessions for 12 days with the platform always in the same position, but sometimes visible (perceptual, "look-out" condition) and sometimes hidden (conceptual, "navigational" condition). On the first, probe trial of the 13th day, the platform's position is shifted to a point very close (proximal) to the rat's starting position, and made visible. The proximal perceptual style (PPS) effect has emerged sexually dimorphically in that only females swam straight to the newly positioned proximal platform. Other studies have shown that the PPS effect is eliminated (with females behaving like males) by nicotine and prepubertal ovariectomy, and does not occur in prepubertal females. Also, as no sex-related effects emerged during acquisition during these studies, the PPS effect appears to be a function of cognitive style rather than ability. The present study varied age, and, in an effort to economize on time, shortened acquisition to 6 days by having morning and afternoon sessions each day. To our surprise, this relatively subtle psychological manipulation eliminated the PPS effect, and also yielded some sex- and age-related effects during acquisition: A male advantage was observed and prepubertal rats had longer escape latencies; there was no significant interaction between sex and age.
我们最近报道了一种效应，该效应显示出认知风格而非能力上的性别差异。为了可能产生这种近端知觉风格效应所做的准备是，首先让大鼠每天进行4次试次的习得训练，持续12天，平台始终处于相同位置，但有时可见（知觉性的，“瞭望”条件），有时隐藏（概念性的，“导航”条件）。在第13天的第一次探测试验中，平台位置被移到非常接近（近端）大鼠起始位置的一点，并使其可见。近端知觉风格（PPS）效应呈现出性别差异，即只有雌性大鼠会直接游向新定位的近端平台。其他研究表明，尼古丁和青春期前卵巢切除术可消除PPS效应（雌性表现得像雄性），且该效应在青春期前雌性大鼠中不会出现。此外，由于在这些研究的习得过程中未出现与性别相关的效应，PPS效应似乎是认知风格而非能力的一种表现。本研究改变了年龄，并且为了节省时间，通过每天安排上午和下午的训练时段将习得训练缩短至6天。令我们惊讶的是，这种相对微妙的心理操纵消除了PPS效应，并且在习得过程中还产生了一些与性别和年龄相关的效应：观察到雄性具有优势，青春期前大鼠的逃避潜伏期更长；性别和年龄之间没有显著的交互作用。
