Carlson J E
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0460, USA.
South Med J. 1999 Feb;92(2):167-73. doi: 10.1097/00007611-199902000-00002.
Orthostatic hypotension, a decline in erect blood pressure, is the result of an impaired hemodynamic response to an upright posture or a depletion intravascular volume. The measurement of orthostatic blood pressure can be done at the bedside and therefore is easily applied to several clinical disorders. Despite its usefulness, the measurement is often neglected, possibly because of confusion regarding the appropriate measurement technique and suitable application to patient care.
Pertinent recent medical literature was reviewed.
The normal physiologic response to the assumption of an upright posture is a small drop in blood pressure and a slight rise in pulse rate. Orthostatic hypotension is detected by measurement of blood pressure in two or more body positions. An abnormal blood pressure response can be observed with disorders such as syncope, falling, intravascular volume depletion, and autonomic dysfunction; with the treatment of maladies such as hypertension and heart failure; and with the use of several medications.
The measurement of orthostatic blood pressure is an essential clinical tool for the assessment and management of patients affected by common medical disorders.
直立性低血压，即直立位血压下降，是对直立姿势的血流动力学反应受损或血管内容量耗竭的结果。直立位血压测量可在床边进行，因此易于应用于多种临床疾病。尽管其有用性，但该测量常常被忽视，可能是因为对适当的测量技术以及在患者护理中的合适应用存在困惑。
回顾了近期相关医学文献。
对直立姿势的正常生理反应是血压略有下降和脉搏率略有上升。通过在两个或更多身体位置测量血压来检测直立性低血压。在诸如晕厥、跌倒、血管内容量耗竭和自主神经功能障碍等疾病中；在高血压和心力衰竭等疾病的治疗中；以及在使用多种药物时，均可观察到异常的血压反应。
直立位血压测量是评估和管理受常见医学疾病影响患者的重要临床工具。
