Cherney I D, Ryalls B O
Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Omeha, 68182, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1999 Apr;72(4):305-28. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1999.2492.
The hunter-gatherer theory (M. Eals & I. Silverman, 1994, Ethology and Sociobiology, 15, 95-105) predicts that females should have better incidental memory for objects and locations than males. We tested this prediction with 3- to 6-year-old children (Study 1) and adults (Study 2). In Study 1, 80 children were asked to recognize 18 gender-stereotyped toys which they had previously seen in a playroom for 2 min. In Study 2, 40 adults were asked to recall the identity and location of 30 gender-stereotyped objects which they had previously seen in an office for 2 min. Analyses in both studies indicated that females and males remembered more toys or objects congruent with their own sex but that there was no overall advantage for females. Implications for the hunter-gatherer theory, gender-schema theory, and our understanding of the development of incidental memory are discussed.
狩猎采集者理论（M. 伊尔斯和I. 西尔弗曼，1994年，《动物行为学与社会生物学》，第15卷，第95 - 105页）预测，女性在对物体和位置的附带记忆方面应比男性更好。我们用3至6岁儿童（研究1）和成年人（研究2）对这一预测进行了测试。在研究1中，80名儿童被要求识别18个符合性别刻板印象的玩具，这些玩具他们之前在游戏室里看过2分钟。在研究2中，40名成年人被要求回忆30个符合性别刻板印象的物品的身份和位置，这些物品他们之前在办公室里看过2分钟。两项研究的分析均表明，女性和男性记住的与自己性别相符的玩具或物品更多，但女性并没有总体优势。文中讨论了该研究对狩猎采集者理论、性别图式理论以及我们对附带记忆发展理解的启示。
