Valeggia C R, Mendoza S P, Fernandez-Duque E, Mason W A, Lasley B
Department of Psychology, and California Regional Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
Am J Primatol. 1999;47(3):183-95. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1999)47:3<183::AID-AJP1>3.0.CO;2-J.
Titi monkeys (Callicebus spp., Cebidae) are monogamous neotropical primates that live in family-like groups typically consisting of an adult monogamous pair and one or two young. Knowledge about the reproductive biology of this genus is scanty. This study investigated the reproductive biology of female dusky titi monkeys (Callicebus moloch). An initial analysis characterized reproductive parameters of 32 females from a captive colony maintained for 23 years at the California Regional Primate Research Center (CRPRC). The colony records provided data on reproductive parameters such as interbirth intervals, seasonality, age at first pregnancy, and reproductive rate in captivity. Changes in urinary levels of estrone conjugates (E1C) and pregnanediol-3alpha-glucuronide (PdG) were used to characterize major reproductive events. Urine samples from eleven females were collected during 17 months. The endocrine data were used to examine changes associated with cycling, conception, and the post-partum period as well as to determine the duration of the ovarian cycle and gestation length. The analysis of colony records indicated that females whose infant survived through weaning gave birth at intervals remarkably close to one year, while those who lost their offspring showed a significantly shorter interval. As long as they lived within the family group, mature female offspring did not breed. The analysis of the endocrine profiles indicated that after giving birth to a viable offspring, females undergo a relatively prolonged period of anovulation (approx. 6.5 months), followed by 1-3 non-conceptive cycles (approx. 1 month), after which they conceive and gestate (4.3 months).
伶猴（Callicebus spp.，卷尾猴科）是生活在新热带地区的一夫一妻制灵长类动物，它们以类似家庭的群体生活，通常由一对成年一夫一妻制配偶和一两只幼崽组成。关于该属动物生殖生物学的知识非常匮乏。本研究调查了雌性暗伶猴（Callicebus moloch）的生殖生物学。初步分析对加利福尼亚地区灵长类动物研究中心（CRPRC）饲养了23年的圈养群体中的32只雌性伶猴的生殖参数进行了特征描述。群体记录提供了诸如产仔间隔、季节性、首次怀孕年龄和圈养繁殖率等生殖参数的数据。利用尿中雌酮结合物（E1C）和孕二醇-3α-葡萄糖醛酸苷（PdG）水平的变化来表征主要生殖事件。在17个月内收集了11只雌性伶猴的尿液样本。这些内分泌数据用于检查与发情周期、受孕和产后时期相关的变化，以及确定卵巢周期的持续时间和妊娠期长度。对群体记录的分析表明，其幼崽存活至断奶的雌性产仔间隔非常接近一年，而那些失去后代的雌性产仔间隔明显更短。只要成熟的雌性后代生活在家庭群体中，它们就不会繁殖。对内分泌特征的分析表明，雌性在产下存活后代后，会经历一段相对较长的无排卵期（约6.5个月），随后是1 - 3个非受孕周期（约1个月），之后它们受孕并怀孕（4.3个月）。
