Cotten-Oldenburg N U, Jordan B K, Martin S L, Kupper L
AIDS/STD Prevention Services Section, Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis 55440-9441, USA.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1999 Feb;25(1):129-49. doi: 10.1081/ada-100101850.
The large concentration of female illicit drug users in state correctional facilities prompted an examination of the associations among different types of drug use and sexual risk factors related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among women inmates. A consecutive sample of 805 women felons admitted to the North Carolina Correctional Institution for Women between July 1991 and November 1992 was interviewed. Of these inmates, 651 had complete information on relevant characteristics. Of the women inmates, 73% had used drugs prior to incarceration; most women were crack smokers only (33%), followed by non-drug users (27%), other drug users (19%), crack-smoking injecting drug users (15%), and injecting drug users only (6%). Inconsistent condom use with multiple sex partners, a history of a diagnosed sexually transmitted disease (STD), a drug-injecting sex partner, or exchanging sex for money or drugs prior to incarceration were reported by 55% of the women. Sexual risk factors differed across different types of drug users, with crack-smoking injectors being placed at greatest potential risk for exposure to heterosexually transmitted HIV, followed by injecting drug users, crack smokers, and then other drug users. Given the differential associations between sexual risk factors and types of drug use, prison-based sexual-risk reduction strategies should be tailored to specific types of drug users. In times of limited resources, special attention should be given to crack smokers and/or drug injectors.
州立惩教机构中女性非法药物使用者的大量集中促使人们对女性囚犯中不同类型的药物使用与人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）相关的性风险因素之间的关联进行研究。对1991年7月至1992年11月期间被关押在北卡罗来纳女子惩教所的805名女性重罪犯进行了连续抽样访谈。在这些囚犯中，651人掌握了相关特征的完整信息。在女性囚犯中，73%在入狱前使用过毒品；大多数女性仅吸食快克可卡因（33%），其次是非吸毒者（27%）、其他毒品使用者（19%）、吸食快克可卡因并注射毒品者（15%）以及仅注射毒品者（6%）。55%的女性报告称在入狱前与多个性伴侣使用避孕套的情况不一致、有被诊断出的性传播疾病（STD）病史、有注射毒品的性伴侣或曾以性换钱或换毒品。不同类型的毒品使用者的性风险因素各不相同，吸食快克可卡因并注射毒品者面临异性传播HIV感染的潜在风险最大，其次是注射毒品者、吸食快克可卡因者，然后是其他毒品使用者。鉴于性风险因素与毒品使用类型之间存在差异关联，基于监狱的性风险降低策略应针对特定类型的毒品使用者量身定制。在资源有限的情况下，应特别关注吸食快克可卡因者和/或注射毒品者。
