Lange A, de Beurs E, Dolan C, Lachnit T, Sjollema S, Hanewald G
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1999 Mar;187(3):150-8. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199903000-00004.
This study investigates the association between objective and subjective characteristics of childhood sexual abuse and psychopathology in later life. The sample consists of 404 Dutch female adults who had been sexually abused in their childhood or adolescence. The participants were recruited by means of articles about childhood sexual abuse in major Dutch newspapers. The characteristics and severity of the sexual abuse were assessed with the Questionnaire Unwanted Sexual Experiences in the Past (QUSEP). General psychopathology was measured with the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90), the degree of dissociation was measured with the Dissociation Questionnaire (DIS-Q). Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed a moderate association between psychopathology and objective characteristics of the abuse, such as number of different types of abusive events and the duration of the abuse. However, more strongly associated with later psychopathology were variables reflecting coping style, such as the degree of self-blame, and circumstantial factors, such as the emotional atmosphere in the family of origin and the reactions after disclosure. Whether or not the abuse was incestuous did not explain additional variance in later psychopathology.
本研究调查了儿童期性虐待的客观和主观特征与成年后精神病理学之间的关联。样本包括404名在童年或青少年时期遭受过性虐待的荷兰成年女性。参与者是通过荷兰各大报纸上关于儿童期性虐待的文章招募而来的。性虐待的特征和严重程度通过《过去非自愿性经历问卷》（QUSEP）进行评估。一般精神病理学用症状清单（SCL - 90）进行测量，解离程度用解离问卷（DIS - Q）进行测量。逐步多元回归分析表明，精神病理学与虐待的客观特征之间存在适度关联，如不同类型虐待事件的数量和虐待的持续时间。然而，与成年后精神病理学关联更强的是反映应对方式的变量，如自责程度，以及环境因素，如原生家庭的情感氛围和披露后的反应。虐待是否为乱伦并不能解释成年后精神病理学的额外差异。
