Kaitala V, Ylikarjula J, Heino M
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Box 35, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland.
J Theor Biol. 1999 Apr 7;197(3):331-41. doi: 10.1006/jtbi.1998.0878.
In the 1970s ecological research detected chaos and other forms of complex dynamics in simple population dynamics models, initiating a new research tradition in ecology. However, the investigations of complex population dynamics have mainly concentrated on single populations and not on higher dimensional ecological systems. Here we report a detailed study of the complicated dynamics occurring in a basic discrete-time model of host-parasitoid interaction. The complexities include (a) non-unique dynamics, meaning that several attractors coexist, (b) basins of attraction (defined as the set of the initial conditions leading to a certain type of an attractor) with fractal properties (pattern of self-similarity and fractal basin boundaries), (c) intermittency, (d) supertransients, (e) chaotic attractors, and (f) "transient chaos". Because of these complexities minor changes in parameter or initial values may strikingly change the dynamic behavior of the system. All the phenomena presented in this paper should be kept in mind when examining and interpreting the dynamics of ecological systems. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
20世纪70年代，生态学研究在简单的种群动态模型中发现了混沌及其他形式的复杂动态，开创了生态学研究的新传统。然而，复杂种群动态的研究主要集中在单一种群，而非高维生态系统。在此，我们报告了对宿主 - 寄生蜂相互作用的基本离散时间模型中发生的复杂动态的详细研究。这些复杂性包括：（a）非唯一动态，即多个吸引子共存；（b）具有分形特性（自相似模式和分形吸引域边界）的吸引域（定义为导致某种吸引子的初始条件集）；（c）间歇性；（d）超瞬态；（e）混沌吸引子；以及（f）“瞬态混沌”。由于这些复杂性，参数或初始值的微小变化可能会显著改变系统的动态行为。在研究和解释生态系统的动态时，应牢记本文所呈现的所有现象。版权所有1999年学术出版社。
