Törnberg S A
Oncologic Centre, M8, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Acta Oncol. 1999;38(1):77-81. doi: 10.1080/028418699431834.
Ethical principles to be followed in cancer screening programmes are intended mainly to minimize unnecessary harm for the participating individuals. The principles that have been recommended by the Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers are: 1) Effectiveness is a necessary prerequisite for a screening activity to be ethical. 2) The need for a balance between the advantages and disadvantages of screening for a target population and an individual, between social and economic costs, equity and individual rights and freedoms. 3) The need for information about both the positive and the negative aspects of a screening programme. 4) The decision to participate in a screening programme or in research should be taken freely. 5) The right to integrity, i.e., the results of the tests are not communicated to those who do not wish to be informed, and the need to have laws and regulations on any communication of personal data derived from screening to third parties.
癌症筛查项目应遵循的伦理原则主要旨在尽量减少对参与个体造成的不必要伤害。欧洲理事会部长委员会所推荐的原则如下：1）有效性是筛查活动符合伦理的必要前提。2）需要在目标人群和个体的筛查利弊之间、社会和经济成本之间、公平性与个体权利及自由之间取得平衡。3）需要了解筛查项目的积极和消极方面的信息。4）参与筛查项目或研究的决定应是自由做出的。5）保持完整的权利，即检测结果不向那些不希望被告知的人透露，并且需要制定关于将筛查所得个人数据向第三方传达的法律法规。
