McAdams H H, Arkin A
Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA.
Trends Genet. 1999 Feb;15(2):65-9. doi: 10.1016/s0168-9525(98)01659-x.
Many molecules that control genetic regulatory circuits act at extremely low intracellular concentrations. Resultant fluctuations (noise) in reaction rates cause large random variation in rates of development, morphology and the instantaneous concentration of each molecular species in each cell. To achieve regulatory reliability in spite of this noise, cells use redundancy in genes as well as redundancy and extensive feedback in regulatory pathways. However, some regulatory mechanisms exploit this noise to randomize outcomes where variability is advantageous.
许多控制基因调控回路的分子在细胞内浓度极低的情况下发挥作用。反应速率产生的波动（噪声）会导致发育速率、形态以及每个细胞中每种分子物种的瞬时浓度出现巨大的随机变化。尽管存在这种噪声，为了实现调控的可靠性，细胞在基因中使用冗余以及在调控途径中使用冗余和广泛的反馈。然而，一些调控机制利用这种噪声使结果随机化，在这种情况下变异性是有利的。
