Fultz P N, Wei Q, Yue L
Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
J Infect Dis. 1999 May;179 Suppl 3:S418-21. doi: 10.1086/314796.
Inoculation of chimpanzees with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been used as a model system to define mechanisms of pathogenesis and to test protective efficacy of candidate HIV-1 vaccines. In most of these studies, the animals were inoculated intravenously. However, because HIV-1 is transmitted primarily across mucosal surfaces, future evaluations of vaccines should employ mucosal routes for administering infectious virus to immunized animals. To develop a model of rectal transmission of HIV-1, chimpanzees were exposed without trauma to 4 different HIV-1 strains at doses ranging from 200 to 10,000 TCIDs. Infection, characterized by seroconversion and repeated isolation of virus from lymphocytes, was established in 1 of 5 animals. This animal was sequentially inoculated with a subtype B and then an E strain and was infected with both strains. The results show that rectal exposure of adult chimpanzees to cell-free HIV-1 was not an efficient mode of transmission in this cohort.
用1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）接种黑猩猩已被用作一种模型系统，以确定发病机制并测试候选HIV-1疫苗的保护效力。在大多数此类研究中，动物通过静脉接种。然而，由于HIV-1主要通过黏膜表面传播，未来对疫苗的评估应采用黏膜途径向免疫动物接种感染性病毒。为建立HIV-1直肠传播模型，将黑猩猩在无创伤情况下暴露于4种不同的HIV-1毒株，剂量范围为200至10,000组织培养感染剂量（TCID）。5只动物中有1只出现了以血清转化和从淋巴细胞中反复分离出病毒为特征的感染。这只动物先后接种了B亚型毒株，然后是E亚型毒株，并感染了这两种毒株。结果表明，在该队列中，成年黑猩猩经直肠暴露于无细胞HIV-1并非一种有效的传播方式。
