McCleskey E W, Gold M S
Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3098, USA.
Annu Rev Physiol. 1999;61:835-56. doi: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.61.1.835.
Nociceptors are the first cells in the series of neurons that lead to the sensation of pain. The essential functions of nociceptors--transducing noxious stimuli into depolarizations that trigger action potentials, conducting the action potentials from the peripheral sensory site to the synapse in the central nervous system, and converting the action potentials into neurotransmitter release at the presynaptic terminal--all depend on ion channels. This review discusses recent results in the converging fields of nociception and ion channel biology. It focuses on (a) the capsaicin receptor and its possible role in thermosensation, (b) ATP-gated channels, (c) proton-gated channels, and (d) nociceptor-specific Na+ channels.
伤害感受器是导致疼痛感觉的神经元系列中的第一类细胞。伤害感受器的基本功能——将有害刺激转化为触发动作电位的去极化、将动作电位从外周感觉部位传导至中枢神经系统的突触、以及在突触前终末将动作电位转化为神经递质释放——均依赖于离子通道。本综述讨论了伤害感受与离子通道生物学这两个交叉领域的最新研究成果。它重点关注：（a）辣椒素受体及其在温度感觉中的可能作用；（b）ATP门控通道；（c）质子门控通道；以及（d）伤害感受器特异性Na⁺通道。
