Klotz F, Hovette P, Mbaye P S, Fall F, Thiam M, Cloatre G
Services médicaux, Hôpital Principal, Dakar, Sénégal.
Rev Pneumol Clin. 1998 Dec;54(6):353-8.
Bilharziosis or schistosomiasis is the third leading endemic parasitic disease in the world, following malaria and ambiasis. More than 300 million individuals are infested. Schistomosomes are blood flukes which live in the perivisceral veins. Clinical signs result from ova migrations. Transmitted by urine and feces, the parasite cycle requires intermediary host, usually fresh water snails. Bilharsiosis is endemic in tropical zones where it is a major public health problem closely correlated with the socio-economic conditions. Liver, intestinal or urinary complications, depending on the species, lead to underestimated morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary lesions are attributed to 3 species: S. haematobium, S. mansoni and S. japonicum. Although the lung is mandatory step in the parasite cycle, pulmonary manifestations are limited. They can be acute or chronic depending on the phase of the cycle, but are the most frequent extradigestive localization for S. mansoni. Morbidity due to chronic manifestations is particularly severe and should be prevented whenever possible.
血吸虫病是世界上第三大地方性寄生虫病，仅次于疟疾和阿米巴病。超过3亿人受到感染。血吸虫是生活在内脏静脉中的血吸虫。临床症状由虫卵迁移引起。该寄生虫通过尿液和粪便传播，其生命周期需要中间宿主，通常是淡水螺。血吸虫病在热带地区流行，是一个与社会经济状况密切相关的重大公共卫生问题。根据种类不同，肝脏、肠道或泌尿系统并发症会导致发病率和死亡率被低估。肺部病变归因于三种血吸虫：埃及血吸虫、曼氏血吸虫和日本血吸虫。尽管肺部是寄生虫生命周期中的必经阶段，但肺部表现有限。根据周期阶段不同，它们可以是急性或慢性的，但对于曼氏血吸虫来说，肺部是最常见的消化道外寄生部位。慢性表现导致的发病率特别严重，应尽可能加以预防。
