Forséni M, Hansson G K, Bagger-Sjöbäck D, Hultcrantz M
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Am J Otol. 1999 Mar;20(2):152-7.
The inflammatory response to acute otitis media (AOM) is a chain reaction involving, among others, macrophages, B lymphocytes, and T lymphocytes that vary in number on different days during the infection. The response is thought to eventually contribute to tympanosclerosis (TS).
In humans, TS and myringosclerosis (MS) are obscure sequelae of chronic otitis media. MS is also commonly seen in children who have had acute purulent otitis media or secretory otitis media or after treatment with ventilation tubes in the tympanic membrane (TM). It causes hearing disability, especially if the ossicles or the inner ear are affected. No successful treatment is available. This study was performed to evaluate the inflammatory stages that may lead to TS or MS.
Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a Pneumococcus type 3 solution into the middle ear. Groups of rats were killed at 3, 6, and 10 days after inoculation. Sections from the TM specimen were stained immunohistochemically according to the avidin-biotin method. Antibodies used were directed against macrophages, T cells, and B cells. Positive cells were counted and a mean value was estimated for each slide and section for each antibody in each rat.
Results showed that macrophages, T cells, and B cells were presented time-dependently in the acute inflammatory response in AOM. At day 3, dendritic cells, macrophages, T cells, B cells, and other major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cells were richly expressed in the whole submucosal layer and especially in the annulus fibrosus. At day 6, the amount of all positive cells decreased except for B cells and other MHC-restricted cells, which slightly increased in number. At day 10, all of the cells were lower in number than at days 3 and 6. Macrophages and possible T cells could be detected in the TM, which has not been observed earlier. Large osteoclastlike cells were present close to the bone.
Macrophages were the first cells to invade the tissue after AOM induction. Some cells were found in the TM. Large osteoclastlike cells could be seen adjacent to the bone in the submucosa. T cells and B cells were seen in the submucosa.
急性中耳炎（AOM）的炎症反应是一种连锁反应，其中包括巨噬细胞、B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞，它们在感染期间不同天数的数量有所变化。这种反应最终被认为会导致鼓室硬化（TS）。
在人类中，TS和鼓膜硬化（MS）是慢性中耳炎的隐匿后遗症。MS在患有急性化脓性中耳炎或分泌性中耳炎的儿童中也很常见，或者在鼓膜（TM）置入通气管治疗后也会出现。它会导致听力障碍，尤其是在听小骨或内耳受到影响时。目前尚无成功的治疗方法。本研究旨在评估可能导致TS或MS的炎症阶段。
将3型肺炎球菌溶液注入Sprague Dawley大鼠的中耳。在接种后3天、6天和10天处死大鼠组。TM标本切片采用抗生物素蛋白-生物素方法进行免疫组织化学染色。使用的抗体针对巨噬细胞、T细胞和B细胞。对阳性细胞进行计数，并估计每只大鼠每张玻片和每个切片中每种抗体的平均值。
结果显示，巨噬细胞、T细胞和B细胞在AOM的急性炎症反应中呈时间依赖性出现。在第3天，树突状细胞、巨噬细胞、T细胞、B细胞和其他主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）限制性细胞在整个黏膜下层大量表达，尤其是在纤维环中。在第6天，除了B细胞和其他MHC限制性细胞数量略有增加外，所有阳性细胞的数量均减少。在第10天，所有细胞的数量均低于第3天和第6天。在TM中可检测到巨噬细胞和可能的T细胞，这在之前未被观察到。靠近骨处存在大型破骨细胞样细胞。
巨噬细胞是AOM诱导后最早侵入组织的细胞。在TM中发现了一些细胞。在黏膜下层靠近骨处可见大型破骨细胞样细胞。在黏膜下层可见T细胞和B细胞。
