Obi C L, Coker A O, Epoke J, Ndip R N
Department of Microbiology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
Cent Afr J Med. 1998 Sep;44(9):223-9.
To determine the prevalence of bacteria that could cause diarrhoea in stool specimens of individuals with and without diarrhoea in both urban and rural areas of Nigeria. To ascertain the antibiotic susceptibilities of the bacterial diarrhoeagenic agents isolated. To document the predominant signs and symptoms associated with the various bacterial agents of diarrhoea.
Prospective study.
Patients/individuals attending government and private clinics in Lagos, Edo and Cross-River States of Nigeria.
A total of 1,200 stool samples were collected from patients with diarrhoea. Another total of 1,200 stool specimens were obtained from controls.
For diarrhoea cases in urban areas Campylobacter spp. were more predominant (28%) and were followed by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) (28%) whereas in rural areas, EPEC were the most commonly isolated bacteria (18%), closely followed by Salmonella spp. (16%). Controls had a similar distribution pattern. Higher rates of isolation of these enteric bacteria were recorded among diarrhoea cases than in controls (p < 0.05). Diarrhoea due to Vibrio, Yersinia, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas and EPEC was mainly watery whereas it mainly consisted of blood/mucus for Shigella and Salmonella. All were associated with abdominal pain and fever. Results presented also indicate that over 80% of Shigella species, Salmonella, EPEC and P. shigelloides were susceptible to nalidixic acid and nitrofurantoin. Virtually all the enteropathogens were resistant to commonly used antibiotics such ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracyclines and streptomycin.
Results show that distributional patterns of bacterial agents of diarrhoea may vary in urban and rural areas and have revealed the effectiveness of nalidixic acid, gentamicin and nitrofurantoin, in that order, against these enteropathogens.
确定在尼日利亚城乡地区有腹泻症状和无腹泻症状个体的粪便样本中可导致腹泻的细菌的流行情况。确定分离出的细菌性腹泻病原体的抗生素敏感性。记录与各种细菌性腹泻病原体相关的主要体征和症状。
前瞻性研究。
在尼日利亚拉各斯州、江户州和克罗斯河州的政府和私立诊所就诊的患者/个体。
共从腹泻患者中收集了1200份粪便样本。另外从对照组中获取了1200份粪便标本。
在城市地区的腹泻病例中，弯曲杆菌属更为常见（28%），其次是肠致病性大肠杆菌（EPEC）（28%）；而在农村地区，EPEC是最常分离出的细菌（18%），紧随其后的是沙门氏菌属（16%）。对照组有类似的分布模式。腹泻病例中这些肠道细菌的分离率高于对照组（p<0.05）。由弧菌、耶尔森菌、气单胞菌、邻单胞菌和EPEC引起的腹泻主要为水样便，而志贺氏菌和沙门氏菌引起的腹泻主要为血便/黏液便。所有这些腹泻都伴有腹痛和发热。研究结果还表明，超过80%的志贺氏菌属、沙门氏菌、EPEC和类志贺邻单胞菌对萘啶酸和呋喃妥因敏感。几乎所有肠道病原体对常用抗生素如氨苄青霉素、红霉素、四环素和链霉素均耐药。
结果表明，腹泻的细菌性病原体的分布模式在城乡地区可能有所不同，并揭示了萘啶酸、庆大霉素和呋喃妥因依次对这些肠道病原体的有效性。
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