Grouhi M, Hummel D, Roifman C M
Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
Pediatrics. 1999 Apr;103(4):e50. doi: 10.1542/peds.103.4.e50.
Adverse drug reactions are a common clinical problem. It has been estimated that 6% to 15% of hospitalized patients experience some sort of adverse drug reaction. Clinical manifestations of adverse drug reactions include skin rash; a serum sickness-like reaction; drug fever; pulmonary, hepatic, and renal involvement; and systemic anaphylaxis. Many of these adverse events are not immunologically mediated. Actual allergic or immunologic drug reactions probably account for <25% of adverse drug reactions overall. Antibiotics are one of the major contributors to drug hypersensitivity. Cefaclor, an oral second-generation cephalosporin with a beta-lactam ring, is used against various infectious diseases of the respiratory tract, especially in children. Several cases of cefaclor hypersensitivity have been reported. The most common presentations are either erythematous or papular eruptions, although serum sickness-like reactions have also been described. Anaphylactic reactions, although rare, have been observed in adults. Here we report a case of anaphylactic reaction to cefaclor in a 21/2-year-old patient.
药物不良反应是一个常见的临床问题。据估计，6%至15%的住院患者会经历某种药物不良反应。药物不良反应的临床表现包括皮疹；血清病样反应；药物热；肺部、肝脏和肾脏受累；以及全身性过敏反应。这些不良事件中有许多并非由免疫介导。实际的过敏性或免疫性药物反应可能仅占总体药物不良反应的不到25%。抗生素是药物过敏的主要原因之一。头孢克洛是一种具有β-内酰胺环的口服第二代头孢菌素，用于治疗各种呼吸道传染病，尤其是儿童。已经报道了几例头孢克洛过敏病例。最常见的表现是红斑或丘疹性皮疹，不过也有血清病样反应的描述。过敏反应虽然罕见，但在成人中也有观察到。在此，我们报告一例2岁半患者对头孢克洛发生过敏反应的病例。
