Education of clinical engineers in the 1990s.

This paper presents definitions of the terms bioengineering, biomedical engineering and clinical engineering. These definitions lead to the conclusion that clinical engineers must be individuals with at least a four-year bachelor's degree in an engineering specialty who are also well versed in the design, modification and testing of medical instrumentation. Educational programs for clinical engineers in the 1990s must be based upon clear definitions of these professionals' roles. Clinical engineering education should include direct professional experience obtained through internship programs similar to the program described here.