Lehinger S, McManis D L
Percept Mot Skills. 1976 Dec;43(3 pt. 1):891-7. doi: 10.2466/pms.1976.43.3.891.
48 retarded adults, equally divided by sex in three diagnostic categories (brain-damaged, nondamaged disturbed, and nondamaged-nondisturbed) were assigned to posttest reinforcement or control conditions on the basis of CA, IQ, and pretest performance on the Block Design. Reinforced subjects were praised for each individual correct block placement on the posttrest; control subjects repeated the test without reinforcement. Both brain-damaged and non-damaged-nondisturbed subjects showed accuracy gains under reinforcement, while nondamaged-disturbed subjects decreased in accuracy. Failure to replicate previous differential reinforcement effects with brain-damaged and nondamaged-nondisturbed subjects, and the discrepant reinforcement effect on nondamaged-disturbed subjects, did not support the use of reinforcement of performance on the Block Design test as an aid in detecting organic damage.
48名智障成年人，按性别平均分为三个诊断类别（脑损伤、无损伤但精神障碍、无损伤且无精神障碍），根据年龄、智商和前测在积木设计测试中的表现，被分配到后测强化或控制条件组。强化组的受试者在后续测试中每正确放置一个积木就会得到表扬；控制组的受试者在没有强化的情况下重复测试。脑损伤组和无损伤且无精神障碍组的受试者在强化条件下准确性都有所提高，而无损伤但精神障碍组的受试者准确性下降。未能重现先前对脑损伤组和无损伤且无精神障碍组受试者的差异强化效果，以及对无损伤但精神障碍组受试者的不同强化效果，不支持在积木设计测试中使用强化表现来辅助检测器质性损伤。
