Five years of total quality management: Campbelltown Hospital.

There are many articles in the health literature outlining either a framework for total quality management (TQM) or a success story. There is a dearth of literature reflecting the shortcomings of total quality management during implementation. Yet many of the world's most successful companies learn by reflecting about their past, for example, British Petroleum, IBM, Boeing, Xerox. This paper describes, from a general manager's perspective, the practical application of total quality management to a hospital setting over five years. The paper outlines the important ingredients to success and the shortcomings encountered along the way. Supporting literature is cited where appropriate. Strategies that were implemented contrary to common total quality management thinking are highlighted. The paper concludes with an outline of the four key lessons learnt over the five-year period.